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Showing posts with label British. Show all posts
Showing posts with label British. Show all posts

January 16, 2016

Military - Suppressive Fire

Article
SOURCE
as marked



Military - Suppressive Fire


Military psychology
sub-branch of different psychology disciplines

  • research
  • design
  • application
of psychological theories
  • understanding, predicting, and countering behaviours
  • in friendly or enemy forces (or civilian)
  • which may potentially be undesirable to military ops
provides tools -  survive stresses of war

military confront specific combination

(of otherwise generic) stressors

military psychology studies unique
blend of stresses
applicable to military

psychological trauma

  • flashbacks
  • PTSD
  • sleep disturbance
  • relationship problems
Tactical psychology
contact with enemy / front-line soldier
combines psychology & historical analysis

devise tactics to make enemy:
  • freeze
  • flee
  • panic
 instead of fight 
eg. 'suppressive fire'
suppressive fire
aka covering fire

one of (3) three TYPES of fire support
only effective for duration of fire
fire + is coordinated with manoeuvre of forces 


(destroy, neutralise or suppress)

formerly known as 'neutralisation'

neutralisation
=  now NATO-defined as fire to render target temporarily f*cked


  • ie pinned down, unable to respond due to the intensity of fire
suppressive fire
-- is force which threatens casualties to those exposed
 

-- willingness to expose depends on:
  •     - morale
  •     - motivation
  •     - leadership
-- suppressive fire used as covering fire

Suppressive fire can be used against:
-- protection of troops w/in range of enemy small arms
    (ie covering fire)
-- indirect firers [the following, I think?]:

  •     - mortars
  •     - artillery
  •     - ships
  •     - aircraft
-- enemy air defences
-- other activities: eg construction, logistics
-- for temporary area denial

*unsuitable for prolonged area denial b/c ammo supply constraints

Non-lethal suppression:
-- smoke to blind enemy
-- night:  illumination to deny enemy cover

Suppressive weaponry:
-- any capable of intensity of fire for required period suppression
-- but bullet has less suppressive power than artillery shell
-- bullet has 1 metre w/in trajectory
-- artillery shell covers wider range when exploding
-- small arms fire sustained suppression - limit:  few minutes
-- air delivered suppression likewise limited by payload limits

*ARTILLERY can suppress area for extended period

Purpose:

stop enemy observing, shooting, moving or carrying out military tasks

Features:
-- suppressive fire only effective while it lasts
-- & if it has sufficient intensity
-- enables covered (vulnerable, on the move) forces to advance to new positions etc, while enemy / target is rendered unable to act b/c of the suppressive fire

Entry says:  Marines Tactic 

(but I think this is likely common military tactic)
communication + suppressive fire
enables movement on battlefield

Used to extract troops from battle zone:
1.  helicopter
2.  boat  (hot extraction)

Suppressive fire
-- psychological tactic
-- targets keep heads down
-- (depending on variables) can result in target casualties & damage
-- used in close combat zone as covering fire

Suppressive fire - indirect fire systems:

  •     - mortars
  •     - artillery
  •     - ships
  •     - aircraft
-- important consideration is safety of troops
-- 'fragmenting munitions' indiscriminate & lethal in all directions

Suppressive Fire Tactics
-- first used in the Boer War
-- developed 1915 British WWI
-- unable to smash German trenches or destroy enemy artillery
-- employed artillery suppression fire techniques
-- suppressed enemy artillery to protect attacking infantry
-- allowed infantry to advance
-- thereafter, suppression defining British artillery tactic
-- ammunition used by British:  shrapnel
-- target was enemy artillery

Suppression by infantry direct fire weapons


-- usually only used v. targets without:
  • -- mutual support from adjacent positions
-- ammunition stocks only for several mins. of sustained firing

Suppressive fire:
-- used WWII amphibious assaults (to enable troop landing)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppressive_fire



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COMMENT

That was good.

It sounds really exciting.

So anyone who knows anything about the military would know that suppressive fire will last only a few minutes usually and that the other side is either advancing troops, pulling troops, or moving troops, and that it is largely a psychological tactic that can be countered (I think  ...  I haven't stumbled on the counter-offensive yet).