TOKYO MASTER BANNER

MINISTRY OF TOKYO
US-ANGLO CAPITALISMEU-NATO IMPERIALISM
Illegitimate Transfer of Inalienable European Rights via Convention(s) & Supranational Bodies
Establishment of Sovereignty-Usurping Supranational Body Dictatorships
Enduring Program of DEMOGRAPHICS WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of European Displacement, Dismemberment, Dispossession, & Dissolution
No wars or conditions abroad (& no domestic or global economic pretexts) justify government policy facilitating the invasion of ancestral European homelands, the rape of European women, the destruction of European societies, & the genocide of Europeans.
U.S. RULING OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR TO SALVAGE HEGEMONY
[LINK | Article]

*U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR*

Who's preaching world democracy, democracy, democracy? —Who wants to make free people free?
[info from Craig Murray video appearance, follows]  US-Anglo Alliance DELIBERATELY STOKING ANTI-RUSSIAN FEELING & RAMPING UP TENSION BETWEEN EASTERN EUROPE & RUSSIA.  British military/government feeding media PROPAGANDA.  Media choosing to PUBLISH government PROPAGANDA.  US naval aggression against Russia:  Baltic Sea — US naval aggression against China:  South China Sea.  Continued NATO pressure on Russia:  US missile systems moving into Eastern Europe.     [info from John Pilger interview follows]  War Hawk:  Hillary Clinton — embodiment of seamless aggressive American imperialist post-WWII system.  USA in frenzy of preparation for a conflict.  Greatest US-led build-up of forces since WWII gathered in Eastern Europe and in Baltic states.  US expansion & military preparation HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED IN THE WEST.  Since US paid for & controlled US coup, UKRAINE has become an American preserve and CIA Theme Park, on Russia's borderland, through which Germans invaded in the 1940s, costing 27 million Russian lives.  Imagine equivalent occurring on US borders in Canada or Mexico.  US military preparations against RUSSIA and against CHINA have NOT been reported by MEDIA.  US has sent guided missile ships to diputed zone in South China Sea.  DANGER OF US PRE-EMPTIVE NUCLEAR STRIKES.  China is on HIGH NUCLEAR ALERT.  US spy plane intercepted by Chinese fighter jets.  Public is primed to accept so-called 'aggressive' moves by China, when these are in fact defensive moves:  US 400 major bases encircling China; Okinawa has 32 American military installations; Japan has 130 American military bases in all.  WARNING PENTAGON MILITARY THINKING DOMINATES WASHINGTON. ⟴  
Showing posts with label Backdoor. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Backdoor. Show all posts

December 18, 2015

Juniper Networks ScreenOS / Netscreen Firewalls - VPN Traffic Decryption - NSA Backdoor?

Article
SOURCE


Extracts Ars Technica
“Unauthorized code” in Juniper firewalls decrypts encrypted VPN traffic
Backdoor in NetScreen firewalls gives attackers admin access, VPN decrypt ability.

by Dan Goodin - Dec 18, 2015 10:50am AEDT

An operating system used to manage firewalls sold by Juniper Networks contains unauthorized code that surreptitiously decrypts traffic sent through virtual private networks, officials from the company warned Thursday.

...  Release notes published by Juniper suggest the earliest vulnerable versions date back to at least 2012 and possibly earlier. There's no evidence right now that the backdoor was put in other Juniper OSes or devices.

"... Juniper discovered unauthorized code in ScreenOS ... administrative access to NetScreen devices and to decrypt VPN connections," Juniper Chief Information officer Bob Worrall wrote.

A separate advisory from Juniper says there are two separate vulnerabilities, but stops short of describing either as "unauthorized code." The first flaw allows unauthorized remote administrative access to an affected device over SSH or telnet. Exploits can lead to complete compromise. "The second issue may allow a knowledgeable attacker who can monitor VPN traffic to decrypt that traffic," the advisory said.

Whodunit?

Word that the VPN-breaking code was the result of unauthorized code, as opposed to an inadvertent programming flaw, touched off immediate concern that ScreenOS had been deliberately tampered with. The most likely culprit for such tampering would be the NSA or one of its many counterparts around the world. Classified documents leaked by former NSA subcontractor Edward Snowden showed NSA agents intercepting network gear from Cisco Systems as it was being shipped to a customer. They installed covert implant firmware onto the device before sending it to its final destination.

As involved as that process was, getting unauthorized code covertly installed into an official operating system and keeping it there for years would appear to be an even more complicated—and brazen—undertaking. This 2013 article published by Der Spiegel reported that an NSA operation known as FEEDTHROUGH
worked against Juniper firewalls and gave the agency persistent backdoor access.

"This malware burrows into Juniper firewalls and makes it possible to smuggle other NSA programs into mainframe computers," the article reported. "Thanks to FEEDTROUGH, these implants can, by design, even survive 'across reboots and software upgrades.' In this way, US government spies can secure themselves a permanent presence in computer networks. The catalog states that FEEDTROUGH 'has been deployed on many target platforms.'"

Of course, it's also possible the backdoor was installed some other way. Juniper's advisory makes no mention who it suspects is behind the move or what steps it's taking to find out. Ars has asked Juniper for more details and will update this post as warranted.
ScreenOS
-- operating system for NetScreen firewalls




Juniper Networks
Juniper Networks
multinational corporation
HQ, Sunnyvale, California

develops and markets networking products

  • routers
  • switches
  • network management software
  • network security products
  • software-defined networking tech
-- efforts to establish an ecosystem of technologies, software & applications
Juniper Networks - Market Share
-- 2001 - 37% share of core routers market
-- challenging Cisco, who previously dominated market
-- 2014 - USD$419.7 BILLION revenue
Pradeep Sindhu
Indian-American entrepreneur
VP, Board Directors
co-founded Juniper in 1996
B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering (1974)
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
M.S. in Electrical Engineering (1976)
University of Hawaii
Ph.D (1982) in Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University
Studied under Bob Sproull
Sproull
Oracle Corp
was Associate Prof of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon
est. consulting firm
consulting firm bought by
Sun Microsystems 1990
--> creation Sun Microsystems labs
Sproull worked on design & director
2010 Sun bought by Oracle
--> bcm Oracle Labs
Pradeep Sindhu
-- scientist with Xerox Paolo Alto Research Centre
-- f. Juniper Networks 1996
Routers
-- early routers for internet traffic
-- intended for phone calls
-- dedicated circuits for each caller
-- Sindhu envisaged packet-based routers
-- optimised for internet traffic
-- joined by Sun Microsystems & MCI Communications engineers
-- $2-million SEED FUNDING
-- $12-million FUNDING in first year of ops
Funding - $40-Million (1997)
-- from a group of OEMs and service providers
-- OEMs - 'original equipment manufacturers' -- are in fact re-sellers of another company's product under own name

Contributors to 1997 funding:

  • Northern Telecom
  • 3Com
  • Ericsson's Infocom Systems group
  • Siemens/Newbridge Networks alliance
  • WorldCom's UUNet Technologies subsidiary
https://business.highbeam.com/3094/article-1G1-19746999/startup-snags-40m-bid-redefine-routers

Spreading Control / Influence

2010 - Junos Innovation Fund
Juniper Networks Establishes $50 Million Venture Fund
will invest in companies 2010 - 2012
focusing on:

  • networking tech
  • applications
  • security infrastructure services
  • mobility services
  • video solutions
  • virtualisation
  • network automation
  • optical tech
  • green networking
investment as at 2010 article, in x11 companies - incl:
  • Ankeena Networks
  • Blade Network Technologies
  • Cyan Optics
  • FireEye
  • Packet Design
Vulture Fund - 'Activist Investor'
Elliot Management Corporation hedge fund
{billionaire Paul E. Singer}
Dec. 2014 - Elliot owns 10% stake Juniper Networks
x2 hedge fund directors appointed to Juniper board
hedge fund guru Singer
wants to cut this and that & increase share price
-- eg operating costs & potential stock buy-backs in the billion
--> basically wants to tell a successful, enormous tech company how to operate
* I think the hedge fund may operate as a take-over merchant

ACTIVIST INVESTORS
-- include:
    -- hedge funds
    -- private equity firms
    -- wealthy individuals

well-known activist investors:

Carl Icahn

-- targets:  Yahoo, Blockbuster, Time Warner, RJR Nabisco & other

NOTE
  Company filing of SEC Form 13D
-- investor purchases 5% or more shares notification
-- indicative of possible 'activist investor' target


'activist hedge funds'
-- term to describe hedge funds that:

-- buy large public company shares
-- seek to obtain seats on company's board
-- aim to effect major changes in company
-- attracted to companies that are:
-- mismanaged
-- have excessive costs
-- could be run ore profitably as private company
-- or other problem seen as fixable, to add value
 

'ACTIVIST INVESTORS' 
TAKE-OVER MERCHANTS
  • Paul Singer
  • Carl Icahn
  • Kirk Kerkorian
  • Bill Ackman
  • Eddie Lampert
  • Nelson Peltz
============
1 -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper_Networks
2 -- http://techcrunch.com/2010/02/23/juniper-networks-fund/

3 -- http://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/activist-investor.asp
5 --  Juniper Networks Reaches Pact With 'Activist' Hedge Fund
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/25/business/dealbook/juniper-networks-reaches-pact-with-activist-hedge-fund.html?_r=0



Mainframe
aka  'big iron'
-- high-performance computer
-- large-scale computing
-- large orgs for critical apps
-- bulk data processing
-- defined by high availability
-- (ie higher than norm performance for higher than normal period)
-- typically used in apps where downtime costly or catastrophic
-- RAS (reliability, availability & serviceability) characteristic
-- can run multiple operating systems
-- pioneered virtualisation
-- virtual machine mode (OS's running as if distinct computers)
-- single mainframe eliminates conventional servers {I think}
-- designed to handle very high volume input / output (I/O)
-- emphasis on:  throughput computing
-- subsidiary hardware (channels, periphery processors) - manage I/O devices
-- CPU freed for high-speed memory

MARKET SHARE - MAINFRAMES
-- IBM mainframes:  90% market share
-- software apps to manage performance
-- 2010:  mainframe technology = less than 3% of IBM's revenues

MARKET SHARE - MAINFRAMES SOFTWARE
-- IBM - USA multinational, Revenue:  US$92.793 billion (2014)
-- BMC - USA, Revenue:  US$2.172 billion (FY 2012)
-- Computware  - USA, Revenue: private company
-- CA Technologies - USA, multinational, Revenue: US$4.515 billion (2014)
-- early models:
-- punched cards, tape, magnetic tape
-- batch mode operations (eg billing)
-- 1970s  acquired interactive user interfaces
-- operated as time-sharing computers
-- able to then run batch processing + support of users
-- early user access by special terminals
-- later, from personal computers

FURTHER HISTORY

-- early manufacturers - IBM & the Seven Dwarfs

  •     Burroughs
  •     UNIVAC
  •     NCR
  •     Conctrol Data
  •     Honeywell
  •     General Electric
  •     RCA
-- Notable non-USA manufacturers
Germany:
  • Siemens
  • Telefunken
Britain:
  • ICL
Italy:
  • Olivetti
Japan:
  • Fujitsu
  • Hitachi
  • Oki
  • NEC
Soviet Union
-- close copies of IBM mainframes

-- examples:
    • BESM series
      • Strela (ie 'arrow')
        1980s, minicomputer-based systems
        -- more sophisticated
        -- displaced lower-end mainframes
        -- lower ends (aka 'departmental computers') - eg DEC VAX
        1990s, servers based on microcomputer designs
        -- cheaper
        -- greater control
        -- interface terminals re mainframes eventually replaced by PCs

        Emerging Markets
        -- esp. People's Republic of China
        -- spurring innovation
        -- eg unified high volume transaction processing database / multiple industry access
        -- (eg banking, insurance, credit reporting, govt)

        2012, NASA (space) powered down its last mainframe (IBM System z9)

        Supercomputers
        -- measured in - floating point operations per second (FLOPS)
        -- measured in (more recently) - traversed edges per second or TEPS
        -- frontline of current processing capacity
        -- esp. speed of calculation
        -- scientific & engineering probs (high-performance computing)
        versus
        Mainframes
        -- measured in millions of instructions per second (MIPS)
        -- data crunching & number crunching
        -- transaction processing
        -- {microprocessor-based servers & online networks also transaction process}

        HYBRID 
        Gameframe - 2007
        -- hybrid computer system
        -- first used online video games industry
        -- blend of technologies & architectures for supercomputers & mainframes
        -- high computing power & high throughput
        -- Hoplon (Brazilian, multiplayer online games) & IBM joint project 2007
        -- game server system
        -- offload of computation-intensive tasks from expensive CPU cycles of System z
        -- to economical 'Cell blades' (PowerXCell multicore processors)
        -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gameframe
        Mainframe info source
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer
        System z
        --  ie - IBM z Systems
        -- family name used by IBM for all of its mainframe computers
        throughput
        -- rate of production of processing
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throughput

         {I'm stopping here, or the look-ups could go on forever ... lol}






        ---------------------- ꕤ ----------------------

        COMMENT

        Wow, who's responsible?
        I'm going with NSA, even though I don't know what I'm talking about.  lol
        But if past history is anything to go by, it's likely an NSA infiltration, I think.