Charles I
4 January 1642
King Charles I
attacks the English parliament
with 400 soldiers
[TDH]
monarch x3 kingdoms
English, Irish and Scottish thrones
on death of his elder brother
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1612
issues:
- religion
- tyrannical rule
- taxes etc
- unpopular
Civil War - 1642
Charles 1 fights:
- Scottish parliaments army
Charles I was defeated: 1645
/ Charles 1 captured
Surrendered to English parliament
/ refuses to accept demands for a constitutional monarchy
Charles 1
Parliament sought to curb Charles I royal prerogative
[comment: ie aristocracy wanted more power to themselves]
Charles 1
forged an alliance with Scotland,
/ but by end 1648
Oliver Cromwell 'New Model Army'
= consolidated control England
Charles I
tried, convicted, & executed for high treason
30 January, 1649 (age 48)
/ monarchy abolished
/ Commonwealth of England established
Charles 1
executed in front Banqueting House, Palace of Whitehall
surrounded by soldiers
/ beheaded with one clean stroke
Charles I - last words:
"A subject and a sovereign are clean different things"
Said going to: "incorruptible Crown"
public beheading:
crowd dipped their handkerchiefs in the king's blood as a memento.
confirmed clean strike: execution carried out by an experienced 'headsman'
/ head exhibited
/ 'traitor' not used.
day after execution
king's head sewn back onto his body
/ corpse of king embalmed & placed in lead coffin
burial at Westminster Abbey REFUSED
/ rests at Windsor Castle
Henry VIII vault
next to Henry VIII & Jane Seymour
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
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Other
Tyburn
(close to Marble Arch LDN)
600 years executions
first in: 1196
Tyburn Tree
3-sided gallows marked by stone
Oliver Cromwell
--> body exhumed
--> symbolically, hanged at Tyburn in 1661
Tyburn Gallows
over 1,000 hanged
x3 connecting 9ft beam
suspended 18ft high
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German Example
3-Sided Gallows
Beerfelden, Germany, 3-Sided Gallows
1550 (refurbished 1597)
condemned would stand at stone cross under linden tree to receive last rites
last execution 1804 (gypsy stealing food)
source of image & info
Link | here
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Other:
Charles I
http://www.royal.gov.uk/historyofthemonarchy/kingsandqueensoftheunitedkingdom/thestuarts/charlesi.aspx
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