Linux Permissions

LINUX USERS, GROUPS & PERMISSIONS Eli the Computer Guy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRw0SKaXSfI ADD USERS sudo adduser <username> prompts will be given, for fleshing out profile DELETE USERS sudo userdel <username> USER PROFILE INFO - TEXT FILE file location:  /etc/passwd VIEW USERS ON LINUX sudo vim [or whatever text editor] /etc/passwd example other text editor: mousepad therefore variation of command:  sudo mousepad /etc/password CHANGE USER'S PASSWORD sudo passwd <username> prompt will guide CONFIGURATION FILES CONTAINING USER INFO         = CONTAINED IN TEXT FILE FORMAT /etc/passwd THREE DIGIT NUMBERS INDICATE PERMISSIONS Example: User, Group, Others 7, 7, 7 7 = full control  (security risk, save for User - versus Group, Others) READ PERMISSION = 4 WRITE PERMISSION = 2 EXECUTE = 1 php files are scripts to work they have to be executed (everyone needs at least a 1 permission to execute scripts on your website) (permission to write is out for Others (website visitors)) eg.  website / web-server = min. 5 for 'Others' (ie read / execute) eg.  full permissions = 7  | read-write permissions = 6 example:  7, 7, 5 permit read           4 deny write             0 permit execute     1   ...   equals:  5 (minimum) sudo chmod <number permissions, eg. 7, 7, 5> <foldername> -R -R = recursive (changes associated / permissions all the way down) example:  sudo chmod 7,7,5 <foldername> -R chmod WITH NUMBERS execute = 1 write = 2 read = 4 PERMISSIONS DEPEND ON INTERNAL SECURITY POLICY eg.   -rw-rw-rwx permissions use the following: Owner                    Group                  Other read & write         read & write        read, write & execute 4+2=6                  4+2=6                 4+2+1=7 equals:  6, 6, 7 TO EXECUTE:  sudo chmod 667 <foldername> Other Example: User                     Group                 Others 4+2+1 = 7           4 + 2 + 0 = 6     0 + 0 + 0 = 0 equals:  7, 6, 0 TO EXECUTE:  sudo chmod 760 <foldername> LIST ALL PERMISSIONS command:  ls -al LIST ALL FILES / FOLDERS  [ in current directory ]   command:  ls -l   permissions for folder shown - eg.  drwxrwxrwx  (completely open, bad security) ('d' represents 'directory' & balance is permissions) (permissions:  Read, Write, eXecute) EXAMPLE: command to change:  sudo chmod 755 <foldername>  -R while in directory that requires change + add permission - remove permission = set permission chown CHANGE OWNER FILES OR FOLDERS USER or GROUP can own file or folder OWNERSHIP CHANGE - USER sudo chown -R <username> <file or folder giving ownership of> Recursive -R for subsequent change to all files & subdirectories (if required) OWNERSHIP CHANGE - GROUP sudo chgrp -R <GroupName> <file or folder giving ownership of>

SourceForge Software is Crap

Planet Tokyo SourceForge Downloaded some stupid program LiVES video editor via Ubuntu Software Centre that appears to have changed my read/write etc. permissions on directories.  Well, 'write' permissions, to be specific. Uninstalled the program as I kept getting 'permission denied' messages when trying to download (not having even used the sh*tty SourceForge program). Uninstalling LiVES didn't do the trick.  So now I'm getting a crash course in chmod and chown commands.  Sort of. But I can't concentrate on the instructions because I haven't slept, so I'm just banging away sort of skimming here and there. It's pissing me off no end that there isn't a simple quick global fix. If I were in Windows I would just restore the system to when it was working fine.  But I don't know how to do that in Linux. Calling up my target subdirectory in the black terminal thingy and keying in: sudo chown [user name] [subdirectory name] indicates: chown:  cannot access 'subdirectory name':  No such file or directory What kind of stupid command is that? I am looking at the subdirectory.  It's there.  How can I be getting a 'no such file or directory' return? It's annoying the hell out of me not being unable to alter whatever is messed up. On top of that, if I 'ls' (which is presumably 'list') I can see a horizontal list of directories in blue and a single directory in green, but I don't know why the green is the exception. To list is 'ls' but the explanation doesn't say what the 's' is for.  That's annoying.  To remember it, it helps to know what it stands for. No matter where I try to download, I get the same message: "The file could not be saved because you do not have the proper permissions.  Choose another save directory." So I would say that this thing from Hell I downloaded has altered my permissions on a global basis. What kind of assh*le software does that? Apparently, it's this mob:  http://lives.sourceforge.net/ (here). "LiVES is a Free, Open Source video editor *and* a VJ tool. LiVES is a Video Editing System," it says. It's also messed up piece of crap software that appears to have somehow altered my write permissions. Tried chmod u=rwx  in the hope that this would do a global change, but I need a target directory or file, I guess. Thought I'd add a '/' for a quickie solution to my problem but that didn't work.  Not permitted. This is sooooo crap.  Tried chmod u+rwx -r at what I thought was the root directory (the slash / ).  Nope.  It doesn't recognise:  ‘u+rwx’, which is supposed to be the command for adding read write and execute to user permissions (I think). Think I'd better stop.  I'm never going to fix this by trial and error. Thanks for nothing, assh*les at SourceForge, who are also known to hijack browsers. Why would Ubuntu even facilitate download of SourceForge Assh*les from Hell sh*tty software? Bastards. ///\\///\\////\\///\\///\\///\\\ There's a 2012 blog on the LiVES program  here and this user isn't complaining about how crap it is. I'm still trying to figure how to change my permissions, but because don't know about Linux it is going to take me forever of looking at basic information in the lead-up to hopefully finding the commands I need to use. Managed to remove the LiVES f*cker's directory from my home directory:  rm [some LiVES name] -R That was fun. Found someone whose writing style I really love.  For some reason, I find this really easy to understand. The 's' in 'ls' (for list files) stands for 'setuid' (I think) ... but I don't really know what that is.  Runs executables, or something like that.  Setuids and setgid look like they might be the same deal. I've downloaded, updated and run a Clam virus scanner.  No threats found.  That was kind of cool because the black terminal kinda told me to do that.  Not sure how that came up, but it did. Guessing chown is the command to focus on.  Nope.  It might be chmod.  I'm only vaguely getting the octals reference.  I'm not into numbers at all, and prefer symbols (letters). Tried:  chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=r ~ in the hope this would change the permissions on a global basis.  Nope.  Nothing.  Still getting same message about not having permissions, the c*nts. This is bullsh*t.  It could take me forever of trial and error and looking up basics before I ever figure how to change the permissions.  Every time I think I have the command I need, I've selected something wrong.  I'll probably have to reload my operating system. Too bad I haven't been doing back-ups.  This is sh*t.  I had everything how I wanted it and now I'll probably have HOURS of trying to figure how to get my graphics driver to do what it's supposed to do, because I can't remember what I did last time.  Tried:  sudo chmod -R u+rwe /home/myname/ Jesus.  invalid mode:  'u+rwe' chown myname. ~.foo returns:  'No such file or directory' C*nt!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Too dumb to work this out.  LOL Gonnna download:  Nautilus-Actions Configuration Tool It has a graphics interface that might let me change permissions ... I hope. I'm so sick of this now. If you hold down Alt-F2 for ages you get a million open 'Application Finder' windows.  LOL  ... not so good to know. The effing thing does not recognise:  gksu nautilus Downloading:   Graphical front-end to su and sudo Updating:  sudo apt-get update Back into the F2 thingy told it to get:  gksu nautilus  Password wanted Got it wrong Try again ... Nothing.  Where is it? Meanwhile, I find:  Change Advance Settings For:  myname Mess around & change by adding myname to whatever file to see if it would make difference to downloads.  Nope.  Permission denied. Where is gksu nautilus? No idea.  But I've manually gone into the Nautilus-Actions Configuration program ... ran some help thingy.  Supposed to have Zenity.  Keyed that into terminal, but it was rejected.  So maybe it's to be keyed into Nautilus prompt. Looking at the Nautilus thing, I can't quickly make it out.  Don't think this is for me.  I don't have forever.  That was a big waste of time. Now I'm probably repeating myself by running: sudo apt-get install nautilus-gksu I'm losing track and I want to cry.  LOL Tells me:  E: Unable to locate package nautilus-gksu So I'm guessing I don't have it and the above command doesn't install it. Why?   Looks like it's not in the repository (I think). Now it's off to AskUbuntu .... Post reads:  "Apparently nautilus-gksu has not been in the Ubuntu repositories since 12.04" and is followed by string commands Commands at AskUbunto to load nautilus-gksu sudo apt-add-repository ppa:upubuntu-com/ppa sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nautilus-gksu Done. tried running:  nautilus -q response:  currently not installed.  Install it by: sudo apt-get install nautilus What?  Whatever.  I'm running it, but I thought I had nautilus installed. I'm so close ... I think.  LOL  It's loading tons of something I'll only probably use this once (if I even manage that). Oh, for f*ck's sake:  ran nautilus -q Terminal tells me it couldn't connect to accessibility bus.  Connection refused at dbus something & some kind of Ttk-WARNING.  Jesus. So that was another big waste of time.  Maybe I should have slowly read everything I could find on chmod or chown?  Now I've got all this crap I'll never use on my sh*tty old computer ... unless I spend forever trying to back-track and uninstall. Software Centre Updater notification popped up.  Running. Brief interruption:  arguing about what constitutes identity.  Pointless argument.  It's like trying to get a point across to a Martian with no concept of life on planet Earth.  So, in a sense, we are very much products of histories and environments.  Those without an emotional sense of history cannot understand or feel linked to history, is what I'm thinking. Now I have double load of anxiety:  finding my way to finally being able to download on this f*cking computer if I ever manage to change permissions, and just being annoyed arguing with someone that is eliciting strong aggressive impulses in me ... LOL.   Which is stupid, really.  No point being angry at not seeing the same way.  Think I'm just angry became if it's not my way, it's a 'stupid way' (in relation to my position ... which always feels like the obvious and absolute truth ;) ), and it's highly frustrating.  LOL Updates done.  Updater wants me to restart.  Now I have to shut down a million windows and start again ... This could go on forever.   I could die before I mange to change permissions in Linux.  :) ///\\///\\////\\///\\///\\///\\\ Back again.  But whatever concentration I kind of had is broken. First day in ages that I feel like smoking, badly.  And I'm on rations.  WTF? Whhhhhhhhhhhy? PC keeps crashing. Got a list of my permissions at home directory level.  Can see one for what I assume is the LiVE program I've since removed. Made a pretty coloured file of the permissions in AbiWord, so it's easy to see what's what.   But I'm yet to fully understand what's going on. Lesson Linux differs from other OS, as it is: 1. multi-tasking system  (more than one user can operate PC at same time) - deeply ingrained in OS 2.  multi-user system Following covered by site page: http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php     chmod - modify file access rights     su - temporarily - superuser     chown - change file ownership     chgrp - change group ownership ACCESS RIGHTS assigned for each FILE & DIRECTORY on Linux OS  (basis:  USER, GROUP or OTHERS) FOR PROGRAMS COMMON TO ALL USERS Value 755 = rwx r-x r-x owner:  read, write, execute all others:  read & execute file FOR PROGRAMS ONLY OWNER MAY USE (PRIVATE FROM OTHERS) Value 700 = rwx --- --- owner:  read, write, execute others:  no rights Value 666 = rw- rw- rw- Owner & all others:  read & write file FILES OTHERS MAY READ BUT ONLY OWNER MAY READ & WRITE Value 644 = rw- r-- r-- OTHERS NO RIGHTS Value 600 = rw- --- --- Owner:  read, write others:  no rights DIRECTORIES chmod = control access permissions for directories works same way as files 777 - BAD SETTING - OPEN ACCESS SHARED DIRECTORIES 755 - rwx r-x r-x Owner:  full access others:  cannot create files or delete (for shared directories) FULL CONTROL - OWNER ONLY 700 rwx --- --- Owner:  full access Others:  no access SUPERUSER (SUBSTITUTE USER) DO NOT remain logged as superuser use for temporary access to superuser privileges:  su (ie 'substitute user') to become superuser:  su command at prompt new shell session as superuser available EXIT superuser session:  type 'exit' UBUNTU Distro, alternative: employs 'sudo' command as alternative CHANGE OWNERSHIP chown command syntax: SUDO  COMMAND NEW-OWNER FILENAME eg.  sudo chown tokyo filename *MUST be superuser to change name of file CHOWN command same for directories and files CHANGE GROUP OWNERSHIP command:  chgrp syntax:  command new-group-name filename SOURCE INFO 2000-2016, William E. Shotts, Jr. Verba http://linuxcommand.org/lts0070.php The sudo chown tokyo .live command did f*ck all. Dot symbol shouldn't be there.  Tried without.  Did nothing.  Can't even remember what it did.  I'm starting to lose the plot now. I'm so sick of this. I can't take any more!!!!!!!!     Need to look at Putin for some relief. Still no joy.  Whatever I did was rejected in the terminal. Think I was confusing files with users or something, when composing my commands?  Not sure. On top of that, the terminal wasn't recognising files (directories) specified, even though they *are* files. Found a round-about way of downloading videos via the terminal (after watching a video tutorial), having downloaded some package.  It does the job. But it's driving me mental not knowing what's up with being able to download in the ordinary way to directories I ought to have permission to download to. PC crashed at one point and now 4 files on my desktop have been chewed.  'Link not found' or similar issue, leaving me with forbidding looking padlock pics on the desktop icons for the files that have been killed. Luckily, they're files I don't care about. Sucked down what I think might be my last cigarette to see me through this ordeal, so quickly I feel like I haven't had it and I already want another one. I'm now mega pissed off and eating chocolate pudding while searching for video tutorials on Linux permissions, as my notes aren't doing my much good. The Permissions Saga continues ... Learned a bit more about Linux permissions, but I'm still not any closer to fixing the problems.  Really like 'Eli the Computer Guy' on the video I watched; he makes it all straightforward.  It's embarrassing how easy this was after he explained it.  LOL Folders in the home directory: Calibre Library  Desktop  Downloads but when I run a chmod it tells me it cannot access the folder I designate (ie desktop), which is there. That doesn't make sense (unless I'm keying in wrong). Overall issues following download of LiVE video editor: Unable to download video files (in any directory). Permissions presumed adjusted upon download of LiVE. Designated folders not recognised (terminal). Desktop files x4 - links not found. Noticed side-pane links messed up. Errors:  'streamer backend errors Parole Media Player' Think I might need to sleep on this and maybe try to run purge commands for the LiVE software, or whatever. *During all this drama, I've installed an alternative software or script (?) to download videos via terminal.  It works.   But new download makes it hard to work out which event chewed my x4 files on Desktop: 1.  LiVE problems. 2.  New download. 3.  Old PC crashing constantly. 4.  My bad command line entries. I'm too tired to find out now.  LOL May never know.  God, I hope I don't have to re-load the OS.  I hate that.