TOKYO MASTER BANNER

MINISTRY OF TOKYO
US-ANGLO CAPITALISMEU-NATO IMPERIALISM
Illegitimate Transfer of Inalienable European Rights via Convention(s) & Supranational Bodies
Establishment of Sovereignty-Usurping Supranational Body Dictatorships
Enduring Program of DEMOGRAPHICS WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of European Displacement, Dismemberment, Dispossession, & Dissolution
No wars or conditions abroad (& no domestic or global economic pretexts) justify government policy facilitating the invasion of ancestral European homelands, the rape of European women, the destruction of European societies, & the genocide of Europeans.
U.S. RULING OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR TO SALVAGE HEGEMONY
[LINK | Article]

*U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR*

Who's preaching world democracy, democracy, democracy? —Who wants to make free people free?
[info from Craig Murray video appearance, follows]  US-Anglo Alliance DELIBERATELY STOKING ANTI-RUSSIAN FEELING & RAMPING UP TENSION BETWEEN EASTERN EUROPE & RUSSIA.  British military/government feeding media PROPAGANDA.  Media choosing to PUBLISH government PROPAGANDA.  US naval aggression against Russia:  Baltic Sea — US naval aggression against China:  South China Sea.  Continued NATO pressure on Russia:  US missile systems moving into Eastern Europe.     [info from John Pilger interview follows]  War Hawk:  Hillary Clinton — embodiment of seamless aggressive American imperialist post-WWII system.  USA in frenzy of preparation for a conflict.  Greatest US-led build-up of forces since WWII gathered in Eastern Europe and in Baltic states.  US expansion & military preparation HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED IN THE WEST.  Since US paid for & controlled US coup, UKRAINE has become an American preserve and CIA Theme Park, on Russia's borderland, through which Germans invaded in the 1940s, costing 27 million Russian lives.  Imagine equivalent occurring on US borders in Canada or Mexico.  US military preparations against RUSSIA and against CHINA have NOT been reported by MEDIA.  US has sent guided missile ships to diputed zone in South China Sea.  DANGER OF US PRE-EMPTIVE NUCLEAR STRIKES.  China is on HIGH NUCLEAR ALERT.  US spy plane intercepted by Chinese fighter jets.  Public is primed to accept so-called 'aggressive' moves by China, when these are in fact defensive moves:  US 400 major bases encircling China; Okinawa has 32 American military installations; Japan has 130 American military bases in all.  WARNING PENTAGON MILITARY THINKING DOMINATES WASHINGTON. ⟴  
Showing posts with label EAST FRANCIA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label EAST FRANCIA. Show all posts

April 14, 2016

1871 - Unification of Germany

Marsch

'Preußens Gloria'
Holy Roman Empire
-- Emperor known as:  Emperor of all the Germanies
-- higher nobility referred to as:
    -- 'Princes of Germany'
    -- 'Princes of the Germanies'

 

EAST FRANCIA
-- lands, formerly known as EAST FRANCIA
-- governed as kingdoms since before rise of CHARLEMANGE (800 AD)
-- Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
-- 500 independent states
-- cultural, educational, linguistic & religious minor variances gradually develop
-- Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
-- effectively dissolved on abdication of:  Emperor Francis II (1806)
-- during WAR OF THE THIRD COALITION

-- result:  legal, administrative & political disruption
-- bond:  historic, linguistic, cultural, legal
-- plus shared experience of French Revolution Wars & Napoleonic Wars
-- 'European liberalism' intellectual basis:  unification challenging dynastic/absolutist models

1871 - Unification of Germany
-- politically & administratively integrated nation state
-- on:  18 January 1871
-- at Versailles Palace, France
-- in Hall of Mirrors
-- princes of German states
-- proclaim Wilhem I of Prussia German Emperor
-- following French capitulation in Franco-Prussian War

North German Confederation (NGC)
(led by Kingdom of Prussia)
-- chancellor Otto von Bismarck
-- drawing southern German states into alliance with NGC a bonus
-- Bismark may have exploited circumstances as they unfolded
-- or he provoked, to encourage German unification
-- General Staff - head:  Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke

vs.

Second French Republic
-- Napoleon III
-- French press and parliament demanded a war
-- generals of Napoleon III assured France would win
-- PM  Émile Ollivier
-- political disunity in France (war solution)
-- July 1870, French parliament voted to declare war on Kingdom of Prussia

Franco-Prussian War (1870)
-- July 1870 - May 1871
-- July 1870, French parliament voted to declare war on Kingdom of Prussia

German Military Advantage
-- German coalition faster at mobilising its troops
-- German numbers superior
-- Germans had better training & leadership
-- Germans made more effective use of modern tech (esp. rail-roads & artillery)
-- series of French defeats
-- culminated in:
     -- Siege of Metz
     -- Battle of Sedan
-- Germans decisively defeat Second Empire French
-- Napoleon III captured at Sedan
-- French Govt of National Defence declared:  Third Republic
-- war continued anor 5 mths
-- German victory over new French armies in northern France
-- Paris falls 1871
-- revolutionary uprising ('Paris Commune') seizes power (2 mths)
-- suppressed by regular French army in concert with Germans May 1871

-- German states proclaim union as:  GERMAN EMPIRE
-- Treaty of Frankfurt - 10 May 1871
-- gives Germany most of ALSACE & some parts LORRIANE
-- becomes imperial German territory of:  Alsace-Lorriane
-- Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen

European balance of power
(in existence since Congress of Vienna 1815) upset re:
1.  German conquest of France
2.  unification of Germany
--  Otto von Bismarck large influence on international affairs for next 2 decades

Among World War I factors relating back to Franco-Prussian War:
-- French determined to regain Alsace-Lorraine
-- French fear of another Franco-German war
-- British apprehension re balance of power

Other:
-- Germans viewed French as the traditional destabiliser of Europe
-- weakening of France required to prevent further breaches of peace

-- Bismark had reportedly altered telegram sent by William I (Ems Dispatch)
-- & released it to public
-- at issue at time was throne of Spain
  • -- Prussian prince put forward
  • -- France anticipates encirclement by alliance b/w Prussia & Spain
-- French diplomatic pressure on Prussia
-- Prussia withdraws candidacy of Prussian Prince
-- allegedly altered telegraph
-- sounded as if Prussian king had insulted French envoy
-- French public opinion inflamed
-- French politicians vote for war
-- French looking for excuse for war:  diplomatic defeat in 1866
-- cocky French thought they'd beat the Prussians
-- plus French had growing domestic problems
-- French historians dispute this ... but they would

 
-- Ems Telegram
-- "This text produced the effect of a red flag on the Gallic bull" -- Bismarck
-- French foreign minister declares he felt he received a 'slap'
-- PM Emile Ollivier the war hawk

-- early incarnation of CIA must have been there was well:
    -- 15,000 to 20,000 bearing flags & banners
    -- march Paris streets, demanding war

-- French declare war
-- southern German states immediately side with Prussia

French Military Disadvantage
French low on peacetime regulars & conscripts
-- there had been the following French military actions:
    -- Crimean War
    -- Algeria
    -- Franco-Austrian War (in Italy)
    -- Franco-Mexican War
  
    *intended reforms re universal conscription (rather than ballot)
    + shorter service periods
    = intended to swell French numbers
    -- but Franco-Prussian War broke out befor reforms implemented entirely

-- Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts
-- Prussia + North & South German allies = 1 million soldiers in time of war

*wow, this is exciting ...
Feels almost like I'm there, 'Mademoiselle la France'
... I double dare you ;)
 
Germans Military
-- move in small groups / harder to target (verses line/column advancement)
-- emphasis on encirclement tactics
-- emphasis on artillery whenever possible
-- German numbers advantage made encirclement tactic easier
-- ageing Dryese needle gun (25-year old design), Germans
-- BUT, Germans had:   Krupp 6-pounder (3 kg) steel breech-loading cannons
-- equals longer range & higher rate of fire than French cannons / faulty time fuses
-- Prussian army unique in Europe for being only to have 'General Staff'
-- peacetime purpose was to prepare overall war strategy
-- wartime purpose:  direct operational movement, logistics & communications
-- officers hand-picked from Prussian War Academy (Kriegsakademie)
-- Field Marshall Helmuth von Moltke, head of General Staff
-- adopted new tech, esp. railroad & telegraph
-- result:  large forces mobilised in coordinated & speedy fashion
*Wow, I'm impressed ... now I know why the Prussians were considered militarists
-- Prussians sound exactly what you want in a military force
-- as exciting as this is, i need a bit of a break for the time being
more
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War

NOTE:  Italians cannot be trusted in war
1.  Changed sides WWI
2.  Garibaldi pro Germans in Franco-Prussian War
      goes from "war to the death to Bonaparte"
      to "rescue the French Republic by very means"
    Garibaldi commands Italian volunteer army France 
    *these volunteer Italian forces had fought during:
  •         -- successful unification of Italy
  •         -- in South America
    -- after French surrender in Paris to Germans, army disbanded
    -- Garibaldi elected to serve in National Assembly of Dijon
    -- but he was shouted down & resigned his seat / returned to Italy
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Vosges

WWII occupation of Paris must have been of cultural, national, historical significance to the German command, military, historians etc. - goes all the way back to Napoleon & unification etc.
  
Timeline Leading up to German Unification

1804: 

    -- Napoleon Bonaparte self-crowns:  emperor of France
    -- Napoleon Bonaparte begins conquests of Germanic states
    -- Francis 1 of Austria, declares new Austrian Empire in response
1806:

     -- Napoleon groups Germanic states into CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE, French client-state
    -- dissolution of Austrian-led HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
1815:

    -- defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte
    -- Congress of Vienna:  reinstates Germanic states into GERMAN CONFEDERATION
    -- under leadership of:  Austrian Empire
1819

    -- Carlsbad Decrees:
    -- suppress pan-Germanic activities to avoid creation of German state
    -- Kingdom of Prussia institutes:  customs union with Confederation states
1834:

    -- Prussian-led customs union:
       evolves to Zollverein (incl. all Confed. except Austrian Empire)
    -- Zollverein = German Customs Union - tariffs & economic policies management
    -- Zollverein (customs union) reduces competition between Germanic states
    -- Austria highly protected industry + Prince von Metternich opposed to inclusion
    -- Luxembourg, although not state of German Reich, remains in Zollverein to 1919
    -- Zollverein was solution to 1,800 customs barriers 

        in German-speaking HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
    -- cemented economic ties re Prussian & Hohenzollern territories
    -- Hohenzollern family = ruling family of Prussia
    -- Zollverein:  UPHELD protectionist tariff system with foreign trade partners
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollverein


1848:

    -- revolts over German Confederation
    -- force King Frederick William IV of Prussia

      to grant constitution to Confederation
    -- Frankfurt parliament (est. 1848) attempts to proclaim united Germany
    -- refused by William IV

 

    -- question of uniting Germany under:
  
        1.  Kleindeutch - small German
         = exclusion of Austria from German unificaiton
      
        2.  Großdeutsch (Grossdeutsch) - Greater German
        = inclusion of Austria


1861-
1862:


    -- King Wilhelm I becomes King of Prussia
    -- appoints OTTO VON BISMARCK, PM & Foreign Minister (1862)
    -- Bismark favours:  'blood & iron' to create unified Germany


1864:

    -- Danish-Prussian War, opposed to Danish Schleswig into K.Denmark
    -- Austrian Empire deliberately drawn into war
    -- Austro-Prussian victory
    -- Schleswig (northern part)
        -- governed by Prussia
    -- Holstein (southern part)
        -- governed by Austria
    -- per TREATY OF VIENNA (1864)
1866:  Bismark accuses Austrian Empire causing troubles re Schleswig (Prussian)
    -- Prussian troops take control of Austrian held Holstein
    -- Austria declares war on Prussia:
        -- Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks' War)
        -- Austrian defeat
    -- TREATY OF PRAGUE (1866)
    -- formerly dissolves German Confederation
    -- Prussia creates NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION
    -- incls. all Germanic states except PRO-FRENCH southern kingdoms:

  •         -- BAVARIA
  •         -- BADEN
  •         -- WURTHEMBERG
1870:
    -- Napoleon III demands Rhineland territories
         for neutrality re Austro-Prussian War
  -- Spanish Succession Question (1868)
  -- Elms Telegram (1870)

    -- also at issue
    -- France DECLARES WAR on Prussia
 

1871:  Franco-Prussian War
    -- Prussians capture Paris capital (of Second French Empire)
    -- TREATY OF FRANKFURTH (1871)
    -- incorporates German (likely Catholic) pro-French states:

  •         -- BAVARIA
  •         -- BADEN
  •         -- WURTHEMBERG
    -- into NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION
    -- new united Germany -- GERMAN REICH proclaimed
    -- King Wilhelm I proclaimed leader by Bismarck
  
    -- with German troops in Paris, Napoleon III dissolves Second French Empire
    -- French create new republic:  Third French Republic
    -- under Adolphe Thiers (Greek & Franco-Levantine heritage + Corsican)
    -- Adolphe Thiers
    -- various posts
    -- premier + minister of foreign affairs (1836 - 1840)
    -- support of pasha Muhammad Ali almost leads to war

        French - British conflicting Middle East policy
    -- forced to resign due to King's intent to avert war
    -- various entries [skip]
    -- August 1871 he became president of the republic
    -- lobbying for France under conservative republic
    -- first task to restore public order
    -- in concert with Germans, ruthlessly used troops to defeat
    -- rebellion - 'Commune' (March-May 1871)
    -- destroying French socialist & workers' movements, setting back many years

    -- resigned due to lack of support from monarchists
    -- skilled in finance / paid off indemnity due to Germans ahead of time
    -- his military law of 1872 failed to establish adequate professional army
    -- 5 years conscription:  depleted labour force
  
    -- effected return of Napoleon Bonaparte body to France from St. Helena in 1840
  
British hell camps - struggle for the freedom of the Boerevolk
  
     St. Helena
    -- volcanic island south Atlantic ocean, tiny:  16km x 8km
    -- discovered by Portuguese 1502
    -- British Overseas Territory
    -- notable exile prisoners:
        -- Napoleon Bonaparte
        -- Dinuzulo kaCetshwayo (leading Zulu army against British rule)
        -- over 5,000 Boers (Second Boer War)
        -- aka  Second Anglo-Boer War / South African War (1899 - 1902)

        -- British colonial might against:  

           Transvaal Republic 'Zuid-Afrikaansche Republic' (ZAR) (Dutch)
        -- British hold large prisoners of war & families in concentration camps
        -- British effect scorched earth policy:  Boer lands, stock, farms destroyed
        -- farms belonging to Boers (Dutch descendants), plundered & burned
        -- animals belonging to Boers killed before helpless women & children
        -- intent:  deprivation of food & demoralisation
        -- women & children left homeless in open field - in bitter winter (nights ?)
        -- Boers continued to fight

        -- British herded women & children into open cattle trucks & drove them to open concentration camps
        -- British lied and claimed 'voluntary camps'
        -- erected camps in most unsuitable locations:  swamp lands

        -- by 1900 (Oct):  58,883 Boers in concentration camps Transvaal

           & 45,306 Free State
        -- tattered tends, no protection against elements, designed to kill as many women & children as possible
        -- halving of rations / children death / purposeful murder 
            as cold-blooded British state policy
        -- intended to ensure surrender of Boers British unable to defeat on battlefield
        -- poison, copper, ground glass, fishhooks, razors in rations
        -- lack of sanitary conditions:  epidemic / disease (eg 13 toilets to 3,500 / or 1 toilet for 170 elsewhere)
      
      
        -- British responsible for:  27,000 deaths of Boer women & children
        -- so British oligarchy could claim mineral riches
      
           http://www.whale.to/b/british6.html
            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena
      
  
    -- 1815 British select St Helena as site of detention for Napoleon Bonaparte
    -- exiled 1815
    -- Napoleon Bonaparte died 1821
  
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_of_Germany


---------------------- ----------------------

COMMENT

Be militarily prepared & don't declare war unless you are.  

Never underestimate British ruling class' ruthlessness and the greed.

Don't rely on Italy in war:  Italy switches sides.