TOKYO MASTER BANNER

MINISTRY OF TOKYO
US-ANGLO CAPITALISMEU-NATO IMPERIALISM
Illegitimate Transfer of Inalienable European Rights via Convention(s) & Supranational Bodies
Establishment of Sovereignty-Usurping Supranational Body Dictatorships
Enduring Program of DEMOGRAPHICS WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of European Displacement, Dismemberment, Dispossession, & Dissolution
No wars or conditions abroad (& no domestic or global economic pretexts) justify government policy facilitating the invasion of ancestral European homelands, the rape of European women, the destruction of European societies, & the genocide of Europeans.
U.S. RULING OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR TO SALVAGE HEGEMONY
[LINK | Article]

*U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR*

Who's preaching world democracy, democracy, democracy? —Who wants to make free people free?
[info from Craig Murray video appearance, follows]  US-Anglo Alliance DELIBERATELY STOKING ANTI-RUSSIAN FEELING & RAMPING UP TENSION BETWEEN EASTERN EUROPE & RUSSIA.  British military/government feeding media PROPAGANDA.  Media choosing to PUBLISH government PROPAGANDA.  US naval aggression against Russia:  Baltic Sea — US naval aggression against China:  South China Sea.  Continued NATO pressure on Russia:  US missile systems moving into Eastern Europe.     [info from John Pilger interview follows]  War Hawk:  Hillary Clinton — embodiment of seamless aggressive American imperialist post-WWII system.  USA in frenzy of preparation for a conflict.  Greatest US-led build-up of forces since WWII gathered in Eastern Europe and in Baltic states.  US expansion & military preparation HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED IN THE WEST.  Since US paid for & controlled US coup, UKRAINE has become an American preserve and CIA Theme Park, on Russia's borderland, through which Germans invaded in the 1940s, costing 27 million Russian lives.  Imagine equivalent occurring on US borders in Canada or Mexico.  US military preparations against RUSSIA and against CHINA have NOT been reported by MEDIA.  US has sent guided missile ships to diputed zone in South China Sea.  DANGER OF US PRE-EMPTIVE NUCLEAR STRIKES.  China is on HIGH NUCLEAR ALERT.  US spy plane intercepted by Chinese fighter jets.  Public is primed to accept so-called 'aggressive' moves by China, when these are in fact defensive moves:  US 400 major bases encircling China; Okinawa has 32 American military installations; Japan has 130 American military bases in all.  WARNING PENTAGON MILITARY THINKING DOMINATES WASHINGTON. ⟴  
Showing posts with label J Edgar Hoover. Show all posts
Showing posts with label J Edgar Hoover. Show all posts

June 29, 2016

Modern American History (Brief)






Modern American History (in Brief)
----------------/\/\/----------------
[all info from Wikipedia, unless otherwise marked]

The New Yorker
American magazine
published by Condé Nast
established 1925
by:  Jane Grant & husband Harold Ross (journalist)
with backing of:  yeast heir Raoul Fleischmann


----------------/\/\/----------------

Peter F. Fleischmann
former president & chairman of
THE NEW YORKER MAGAZINE
died.  1993, age 71
served as officer of THE NEW YORKER for 32 years
his father:  Raoul H. Fleischmann
Jewish immigrant to US, from Austria
founded Fleischmann yeast company
the financial backer who co-founded TNY
& its first president, chairman & publisher
editorial independence (ie business vs. editorial functions) claimed
1985 - control of The New Yorker sold to:  Advance Publications (Samuel I Newhouse)
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/18/obituaries/peter-fleischmann-71-who-led-the-new-yorker-into-the-1980-s.html

" ... Raoul Fleischmann, "urbane, Jewish, rich", who happened to be bankrolling a new magazine, the New Yorker."
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/jan/28/featuresreviews.guardianreview9

----------------/\/\/
----------------

The New Yorker
in addition to focus on cultural life of NYC, covers:
  • topical material
    provides on pop culture
  • publishes literary reviews
    covers politics and 'social issues'
    Harold Ross, US journalist-editor
    b. 1892
    reportedly of Scots-Irish heritage
    due to collapse of price in silver:  family moved - Colorado to Utah
    as a high schooler, stringer for The Salt Lake Tribune
    at 13 dropped out of school & ran away to Denver
    worked for The Denver Post
    later returned to Utah:  job at Salt Lake Telegram, small daily
    at 25 years, had worked for 7 different newspapers
    Georgia:  covered trial of Leo Frank murder
    WWI:  enlisted engineers railway regiment
    France:  edited regimental journal & worked for Stars & Stripes

    edited every issue of The New Yorker from the first until his death (1925-1951)

    Jane Grant (wife), NYC journalist
    co-founder of:  The New Yorker with Harold Ross (husband)
    b. Joplin, Missouri
    raised:  Girard, Kansas
    NYC at 16 to pursing singing but joined staff to:  THE NEW YORK TIMES
    'society department'
    close friends with critic:  Alexander Woollcott
    covered:

    • 'women's issues'
    • questioned public figures re status of women
    • interviewed women working in traditional male professions
    • wrote for the Times for 15 years

    WWI:  joined troopship to France with YMCA as singer/dancer
    joined American Red Cross
    entertained soldiers, Paris & camps
    Woollcott introduced her to 'Vicious Circle' members in France
    later 'Vicious Circle' became:  Algonquin Round Table
    married Harold Ross 1920

    • WWII, Jane Grant produced special overseas issue of The New Yorker for US armed forces
    • WWII, Jane Grant wrote for several magazines
    Jane Grant 
    produced 'feminist' essays, discussing 'discriminatory' laws & practices
    active in feminist causes
    reactivated the Lucy Stone League, expanding purpose
    active in 'women's rights' into 1960s
    advocating Equal Rights Amendment

    1921, Jane Grant

    co-ounded Lucy Stone League
    with Ruth Hale
    Ruth Hale, feminist, journalist, born Tennessee
    feature writer:  The New York Times, Vogue, Vanity Fair
    1917, married Heywood Broun, journalist & founder of The Newspaper Guild

    Heywood Broun
    Brooklyn-born champion of underdog & writer on 'social issues'

    believed journalists could correct wrongs, esp. social ills
    1930, Broun ran for Congress as a Socialist (lost)
    a member of:   Algonquin Round Table
    close friend of the Marx Brothers

    Ruth Hale
    1921, took stand against US STATE DEPARTMENT
    demanding she be issued a passport as 'Ruth Hale'
    (not 'Mrs Heywood Broun')
    USG refused / married women were not given passports in maiden name
    eventually USG issued passport:
    'Ruth Hale, aka Mrs Heywood Broun'
    Ruth Hale & her husband made a show then cancelling their trip to France

    1921, first woman to be issued with a real estate deed in her own name
    for apartment house Upper West Side
    long-time friend of Newman Levy, writer & lawyer, NY District DA
    Newman Levy socialized with New York's literary elite
    appointed as president of the Lucy Stone League
    Rose Falls Bres to serve as legal counsel
    Bres became president of National Association of Women Lawyers
    Bres was Hale's lawyer during melodrama with State Dept.
    Heywood Broun indulged his wife


    Lucy Stone League:
    - Jane Grant, wife of Harold Ross, The New Yorker
    - Ruth Hale, wife of Heywood Broun
    - Rose Falls Bres, legal counsel
    - Beatrice Kaufman, wife of playwright George S. Kaufman

    Ruth Hale
    1927, leading role in protest of execution of

    • - anarchists
    • - accused murderers:  Sacco & Vanzetti
    - 1920s & 1930s, wrote & worked as a theatrical press agent.
    - Ruth Hale leading figure in NY literary circles
    - associate of the Algonquin Round Table

    Algonquin Round Table
    New York intelligentsia
    initially gathered as 'The Vicious Circle' for lunch each day
    at:  Alogonquin Hotel 1919 to 1929
    their 'witty' table talk was then disseminated by national US press
    as members had regular newspaper columns
    bringing Round Tablers widely into the public consciousness


    PRESS WAS ALWAYS BITCHY:
    Groucho Marx, brother of Round Table associate, Harpo Marx:

    "The price of admission is a serpent's tongue and a half-concealed stiletto."
    INTELLIGENTSIA WAS ALWAYS FULL OF CRAP: 
    Dorothy Parker:

    "The Round Table was just a lot of people telling jokes and telling each other how good they were."
    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    But their cocktails sound OK ...
    The Algonquin

        1 1/2 ounces Rye Whiskey
        3/4 ounces Dry Vermouth
        3/4 ounces pineapple juice

    Stir the rye, dry vermouth and pineapple juice together with ice. Strain into a chilled cocktail glass and add two to three drops of orange bitters. [source]
    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    The Vicious Circle
    initial lunch proposed by
    theatrical press agent: John Peter Toohey (as joke)
    annoyed that Alexander Woollcott refused to promote a client
    lunch was staged as a welcome-back from WWI to Woollcott
    lunch was like a 'roast' & Woollcott was target of humour
    Woollcott enjoyed joke & being centre of attention
    prompted JOHN PETER TOOHEY to suggest daily Algonquin lunch
    first gatherings:  Pergola Room (later 'Oak Room')
    later moved to Rose Room with round table
    Group initially called selves 'The Board' & lunches were 'Board meetings'
    members of Round Table:  journalism crossed with entertainment


    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    Stars & Stripes established 1861
    during American Civil War
    in Bloomfield Missouri
    what data remains is associated with museum/library in Bloomfield
    but there is no connection between this Stars & Stripes publication
    & the one of same name today

    Current Stars and Stripes publication
    is authorized by Congress & US Department of Defence

    daily military news & info is distributed
    at U.S. military installations in Europe, Middle-east & East Asia
    only partially subsidized by the Department of Defence
    large portion of operating costs are obtained through:
    - sale of advertising
    - sale of subscriptions

    Stars & Stripes (unique among military publications)
    operates as a First Amendment newspaper
    is part of NEWLY FORMED DEFENCE MEDIA ACTIVITY ('DMA')
    other entities involved in today's Stars & Stripes include:

    the DOD News Channel
    Armed Forces Radio & Television Service


    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
    amendment to US constitution to grant equal rights to women
    ORIGINALLY WRITTEN BY:
    • ALICE PAUL (Quaker origins) &
    • CRYSTAL EASTMAN
    Alice Paul
    - major role in adding protection to women in CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (1964)
    - prohibition on sex discrimination added by Virginia Democrat, Howard W. Smith
    - Equal Rights Amendment SPONSORED FOR TWENTY (20) YEARS by Howard W. Smith

    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    THE RAPIST OF GERMAN INTERESTS (& THEREFORE OF EUROPEAN INTERESTS) ... IS A 'FEMINIST'

    - Howard W. Smith

    - b. Virginia 1883
    - segregationist (ie white/black)
    - public schools & BETHEL MILITARY ACADEMY, VIRGINIA
    - law at University Virginia, Charlottesville
    - practised in ALEXANDRIA VIRGINIA
    - WWI, assistant general counsel to:  Federal Alien Property Custodian
    - Fed. Alien Property Custodian office in USG WWI & WWII
    - a custodian of ENEMY PROPERTY belonging to enemies of US
    - first appointment by Woodrow Wilson, WWI
    - seizure, administration, sometimes sale of enemy property in USA
    - governed by TRADING WITH THE ENEMY ACT
    - first appointee:  A. Mitchell Palmer, law & banking background
    - EMPLOYED HUNDREDS OF US GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
    - by late 1918, managing almost 30,000 trusts with assets of HALF A BILLION DOLLARS

    1918, Mitchell Palmer testifies at US Senate Overman Committee
    - that United States Brewers Association hearing
    - & REST OF OVERWHELMINGLY GERMAN LIQUOR INDUSTRY
    - were pro-German & had attempted to buy a newspaper to:
        - 'control the government of State & Nation'
        - were 'unpatriotic'
        - had 'pro-German sympathies'


    AMERICAN CAPITALIST APPROPRIATION OF EUROPEAN ASSETS

    Mitchell Palmer:  campaigned successfully to have his powers to dispose of assets by sale
    TO:   counter Germany's long-term plan to 'conquer' world by industrial expansion post WWI
    * auctions rigged by withholding information from all participants

    * even after Germany WWI surrender, Palmer insisted on continuing his campaign to rid USA industry of German investment

    * resulted in, eg:  1919 major sales in the metals industry


    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    No limits, eh? ... Oh, the Hypocrisy
    Mitchell Palmer:
    "The war power is of necessity an inherent power in every sovereign nation. It is the power of self-reservation and that power has no limits other than the extent of the emergency."
    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    US CAPITALIST THIEVES

    USG also sold off assets of German Bayer chemical company by auction and stripped it of its US patent for Asprin

    WWII, 1942
    Franklin D Roosevelt EO9095
    establishes OFFICE OF THE ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN ('APC')

    as independent agency under direct presidential authority
    appointed:  LEO CROWLEY, former banker & chair of FED. DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORP
    APC amassed VAST PORTFOLIO OF ENEMY PROPERTY, incl:

    • real estate
    • business enterprises
    • ships
    • intellectual property (trademarks, copyrights, patents & incl. pending)
    As APC only abolished 1966, under Lyndon B. Johnson, JUST IMAGINE THE SIZE OF THE ASSETS THAT THE AMERICAN CAPITALISTS STOLE

    A. Mitchell Palmer
    US Attorney General 1919-1921
    overseer of 'Palmer Raids'Red Scare 1919-20
    aligned with progressive wing of Democratic Party
    advocated lower tariffs, despite popularity of tariffs in home district & state
    principal author:  detailed tariff schedules

    Mitchell Palmer argued: tariffs profited business and had no benefit for workers



    *denounced by Republican as:  MOST RADICAL DEPARTURE IN DIRECTION OF FREE TRADE THAT HAS BEEN PROPOSED IN 70 YEARS

    Mitchell Palmer continued to lower tariffs in protected economic sectors (eg wool industry)
    contributed to:  Underwood Tariff Act of 1913


    key role in holding Pennsylvania Democratic delegation together in voting for Woodrow Wilson
    offered offered Secretary of War position in Woodrow cabinet
    MITCHELL DECLINED:  CITING QUAKER BELIEFS & HERITAGE


    ----------------/\/\/----------------
    Quakers ... the Ultimate American Cucks?
    Christian Cucks of Yesteryear

    --------------------
    Quakers
    believed all people, including women, were equal before a non-existent deity



    IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1918 - expanded definition of aliens that could be deported
    ----------------/\/\/----------------

    'Red Scare'  
    = term re fear of & reaction against communist radicals in USA
    immediately after WWI:  strikes, race riots in over 30 cities
    - two sets of bombings 1919
    - bombs x2 on Mitchell Palmer's home
    - linked to anarchists, associated with Luigi Galleani
    - miraculously both attacks on Mitchell Palmer failed
    - either anarchists are incompetent or this is bullsh*t

    - 1919 saw 36 dynamite-filled bombs mailed to leading figures
    - incl. justice officials, newspaper editors & businessmen, plus John D. Rockefeller

    - Mitchell Palmer recruited:   J. Edgar Hoover, law graduate, DOJ Enemy Alien Bureau

    - Michael Palmer report to USG re:  anarchist and Bolshevik threat to USG
    - over half report documented RADICALISM OF US BLACKS
    - black open defiance, advocated in response to racial violence & rioting

    Red Summer (1919)
    HUNDREDS OF DEATHS & CASUALTIES ACROSS USA - RACE RIOTS
    THREE DOZEN CITIES:  whites attacked blacks mostly
    blacks fought back - Chicago notable
    result of post WWI demobilisation & number of social tensions
    in era of labour unrest, where industrialists USED BLACKS AS STRIKEBREAKERS
    increasing resentment
    riots extensively documented in press
    US federal govt feared SOCIALIST & COMMUNIST influence on BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
    following Bolshevik Revolution (Russia)

    US capitalist-serving government feared foreign anarchists, who had bombed homes & businesses of US oligarchy & govt leaders
    WWI mobilisation & cessation of immigration from Europe
    US industrial cities = SEVERE LABOUR SHORTAGES (north & midwest)
    NORTHERN MANUFACTURERS

    RECRUITED FROM SOUTH

    EXODUS ENSUED
    1919 EST. 500,000 BLACKS EMIGRATED FROM SOUTHERN USA
    in first wave of GREAT MIGRATION that continued to 1940


    blacks filled new positions in growing industries:
        - eg. railroads
    plus jobs formerly held by whites
    • blacks hired as strikebreakers in some cities, exp. strikes of 1917
    • white working-class resentment
    post WWI demobilisation & removal of price controls
    = resulted in UNEMPLOYMENT + INFLATION, increasing job competition


    38 separate riots in widely scattered cities, in which whites attacked blacks
    - unlike earlier US race riots, 1919 first in which blacks in number rested white attacks

    - 1919, white mobs lynched at least 43 blacks

    •     - mainly shot
    •     - 16 hanged
    •     - 08 burned at stake
    - Charleston, South Carolina:  martial law imposed
    - US Navy sailors (black) led race riot:  all killed
    - misc. black and white killed & injured
    - various deaths etc. listed

    1919-20 - after Russian Revolution
    anti-Bolshevik sentiment in USA reportedly quickly replaced anti-German sentiment of war years
    - US govt officials
    - capitalist American press
    whipped up fear of overthrow of US government to create a Soviet-modelled regime

    - black advocacy of racial equality & labour rights & mob victim right to defend /  viewed with alarm

    Woodrow Wilson:   "the American Negro returning from abroad would be our greatest medium in conveying Bolshevism to America."



    Dr. George E. Haynes
    Negro Economics for the U.S. Department of Labor
    "The return of the Negro soldier to civil life is one of the most delicate and difficult questions confronting the Nation, north and south."

    black WWI veteran, Chicago, advocating that the demobilised US blacks require only instruction and leadership to fulfil their potential


    American Pogroms
    Dr. George Edmund Haynes

    1919 report, published New York Times & other major press
    Haynes noted lynchings were a national problem
    Woodrow Wilson:  1889–1918 over 3,000 lynched (2,472 black)
    white men had been lynched in the North, as well
    lynchings connected to widespread riots of 1919

    Connection between blacks and Bolshevism media dispersal:


    Wall Street Journal:
    "Race riots seem to have for their genesis a Bolshevist, a Negro, and a gun."


    • USG provided the Times with evidence of Bolshevist propaganda appealing to America's black communities
    • Times described newspapers, magazines, and "so-called 'negro betterment' organizations" as avenue for propaganda aimed at blacks re:  "doctrines of Lenin and Trotzky"

    Times cited a call for unionisation (article above): "Negroes must form cotton workers' unions. Southern white capitalists know that the Negroes can bring the white bourbon South to its knees."


     
    New York Times, 1919 headline:  "Trouble Traced to Socialist Agitators"

    J Edgar Hoover was Chief of Radical Division in US Dept. of Justice

    {J EDGAR HOOVER founded the American political police:  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) & was head of its precursor, Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Investigations}
    • DOJ informs press that during Chicago riot:   IWW and Bolsheviks were "spreading propaganda to breed race hated"
    ----------------/\/\/----------------


    IWW = Industrial Workers of the World - here
    INTERNATIONAL LABOUR UNION 
    HQ Chicago
    members:  known as 'Wobblies'
    ties to both SOCIALIST & ANARCHIST labour movements
    promotes ONE BIG UNION 
    contends all workers should be united together AS A CLASS
    to supplant capitalism
    1924 schism, from which no full recovery [bet it was USG-engineered]
    IWW achieved many short-term goals, esp. US mid-west
    membership declined during US govt crackdown

    • FBI agents filed reports that leftist views winning converts in black community
    • J Edgar Hoover blamed July Washington, D.C., riots on "numerous assaults committed by Negroes upon white women."
    • J Edgar Hoover accused socialists of feeding propaganda to black-owned magazines
    • J Edgar Hoover authorized the hiring of black undercover agents to spy on black orgs & publications in Harlem
    COMMENT:  I'm going to guess that the American capitalist controlled political police probably WHIPPED UP tensions between whites & blacks, WHIPPED UP violence, infiltrated, probably actively 'radicalised' blacks themselves, & WHIPPED UP black unionism, planted materials etc, to then blame unionism on the INHERENT PROBLEMS OF (A) USA SOCIETY & (B) CAPITALISM:  on SOCIALISM, and thereby conveniently destroy chance of rise of socialism or socialist policy in America, so that the CAPITALIST can gorge on PROFITS off the backs working Americans, unchallenged in any significant way.  As in, create BIG DRAMA & then blame deaths, bombings etc on socialism .... but it was probably all false flags of the capitalists' US political police.  I don't know this, but I am guessing this would have happened.  LOL

    J Edgar Hoover headed, DOJ General Intelligence Division (GID)
    storehouse of info on radicals in USA
    had infiltrated many orgs
    1919 & 1920 raids conducted - thousands arrested & interrogated
    publications & records seized

    GID officials told Mitchell Palmer radicals were planning to overthrow US govt on May Day 1920

    with J Edgar Hoover's backing, Mitchell Palmer
    then warns the public to expect:  assassinations, bombings, general strikes

    said domestic US radicals in direct connection & unison with European counterparts
    police forces and militias mobilised in cities/states

    • New York City 11,000-man police force worked for 32 hours straight
    • Boston police mounted machine guns on vehicles & positioned them around Boston

    CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 1964
    Fast-forward to 1964: 

    described as:  burning national issue was civil rights for blacks
    Liberals argued that 1964 was 'the Negro's hour'
    & said women should wait their turn, but National Woman's Party found a way to include gender protection into legislation

    ------------  info above from Wikipedia (unless otherwise marked), incl:


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Hale_%28feminist%29

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heywood_Broun

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Hale_%28feminist%29

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman_Levy

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_Round_Table

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Paul

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_W._Smith

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Mitchell_Palmer

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Alien_Property_Custodian

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Summer_%281919%29



    COMMENT


    Any challengers of American CAPITALIST power can expect:  merciless state force against challengers by US militarised police, on behalf of CAPITALIST OWNERS OF US GOVERNMENT.

    Just look at what they were capable of doing at the turn of last century.
    A. Mitchell Palmer sounds like a capitalist puppet of his day.  The American capitalist oligarchy and their suppression of the masses sound like what they'd point to as:   Czarist Russian oppression.
    This summary isn't complete.  There's annoying loose ends.  It's just what I looked at today.  

    But now I've been interrupted and my equilibrium and concentration has been disturbed, so this is it for a slice of modern America.

    Amazing I even got this far. Feeling really depressed today.


    *Having trouble with the word: 'Algonquin'
    Algonquin

    Canadian French, from Maliseet (indigenous Wabanaki Confederacy) elakómkwik, they are our relatives.

    Note, it is not:  "they are our diversity."

    March 17, 2015

    Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) - Notes Part 1


    FBI Notes - Pt 1
    Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

    Origins:

    'Threat' from 'anarchists 1901
    [Guessing that would be labour movements seeking social justice]
    Govt keeping records for years, but Theodore Roosevelt sought more monitoring powers

    FBI started off as Bureau of Investigation (BOI) - 1908
    from Department of Justice (DoJ) funds 
    (FBI = Dept. of Treasury off-shoot)
    incl. members of Secret Service (est. 1865), role: 
    (1) financial crimes investigation 
    (2) physical protection of assigned persons
    counterfeit currency was a big issue / 1865 one-third currency circulating was counterfeit
    Fast-forward: 
    1984
    1984 = Comprehensive Crime Control Act, extending  Secret Service jurisdiction over credit card fraud & computer fraud.
    [see Phreakers - prior 1990 illegal 'tapping' into telecommunications services / free phone calls.] 
    Analog to digital telecommunications switch
    =  more exposure of telcoms to hackers

    1990 Secret Service initiated Operation Sundevil
    ext. wire fraud / to counter rampant credit card & calling card fraud 
    Operation Sundevil 
    = multiple USG agencies, incl. Secret Service + FBI
    new laws to investigate + prosecute:  
    phreaking, hacking, wire &  cit card fraud 
    Op Sundevil drama - resulted in establishment of Electronic Frontier Foundation (f. Mitchell Kapor, f. Lotus Development Corp) + John Perry Barlow, an author
    = hired lawyers to represent hackers in two of cases re  Operation Sundevil
    > intended sting against malicious hackers, allegedly responsible for disrupting telephone services across entire US 
    > No convictions / Secret Service was sued & required to pay damages [no Wikipedia citation given]
    Due to publicity, Op Sundevil seen as public-relations stunt & message to hackers.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Sundevil
    2012 
    2012 - El Salvador - Secret Service agents hiring strippers & prostitutes prior to Obama  visit.  ;)
    --

    Name change to FBI - 1935 
    HQ =   J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, DC
    • FIELD OFFICES = 56
    • RESIDENT AGENCIES (smaller cities) = 400 +
    • LEGAL ATTACHÉS (International embassy & consulate attachments) = 50
    2012 Budget =  approx.  $8.12 billion

    -- 
    J Edgar Hoover 
    John Edgar Hoover, Director (48 years)
    JEH =  FBI Director who served from 1924–1972
    48 years with BOI, DOI + FBI.

    DOI = Dept of Interior = Fed dept re management of federal lands, resources etc. 
    aka   "The Department of Everything Else"  -
    ie broad range of responsibilities 
    GW Bush - emphasis on commerce over conservation
    Interior Department Inspector General Earl Devaney:  
    "Simply stated, short of a crime, anything goes at the highest levels of the Department of Interior. [1]
    --

    FBI = US government (USG) agency, 
    within the US Department of Justice

    FBI is a USA security service & the agency is part of the US 'Intelligence Community'

    FBI organisation serves two functions:
    1.  federal criminal investigations.
    2.  internal intelligence agency.
    FBI investigates these:
    • counter-terrorism / terrorist attacks
    • counterintelligence / foreign intelligence ops & espionage
    • cyberwarfare / cybercrime
    • major white-collar crime
    • significant violent crime
    • transnational/national organised crime
    • civil rights  [ummm, think they might actually subvert, rather than 'investigate' these ;)]
    • public corruption (all levels)
    * Indian reservations = federal / FBI responsibility 
    * FBI works in conjunction with other USG federal agencies
    --

    PATRIOT Act 
    increased FBI powers, esp. wiretapping & monitoring of Internet activity

    Controversial PATRIOT Act provision = 'sneak & peek' provision

    ie.  The State (via its FBI agency) can enter & search  a home while occupant is out, without notifiying occupant of this gross  violation "for several weeks".
    [Wow, that's seriously sick & totalitarian conduct, in the 'land of the free.']
    FBI can also inquire into the 'library records' of targets / that presumably is a library of government stored data, rather than one's book library.


    FBI 
    • Late 1970s - early 1980s -  Abscam controversy - allegations of FBI  entrapment of elected officials http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscam
    • FBI, aided by Justice Department & a convicted con-man, Melvin Weinberg (convicted swindler, international con artist & informant)
    • FBI videotaped politicians accepting bribes from a fraudulent Arabian co. in return for political favours.
    • 31 targeted officials / 1 Senator + 6 House of Reps - convictions
    • Weinberg avoided prison re prior scams & was paid $150,000 in agreement with Abscam operation
    Criticism: 
    "widespread and serious misuse" of national security letters (an administrative subpoena used to demand records & data of individuals).

    --

    Counterintelligence

    1940s - 1970s - FBI investigation of spying on US & allies cases
    Ex parte Quirin
    x8  Nazi agents (planned sabotage ops) - x8 arrested  / x6 executed

    Ex parte Quirin - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_parte_Quirin
    EX PARTE
    Lat. 'By or for one party' or 'by one side.'
    http://www.lectlaw.com/def/e051.htm
    US Supreme Court -  precedent - 1942
    Trial by military commission of unlawful combatant against USA

    "the law of war draws a distinction between the armed forces and the peaceful populations of belligerent nations and also between those who are lawful and unlawful combatants. Lawful combatants are subject to capture and detention as prisoners of war by opposing military forces. Unlawful combatants are likewise subject to capture and detention, but in addition they are subject to trial and punishment by military tribunals for acts which render their belligerency unlawful. The spy who secretly and without uniform passes the military lines of a belligerent in time of war, seeking to gather military information and communicate it to the enemy, or an enemy combatant who without uniform comes secretly through the lines for the purpose of waging war by destruction of life or property, are familiar examples of belligerents who are generally deemed not to be entitled to the status of prisoners of war, but to be offenders against the law of war subject to trial and punishment by military tribunals."

    Leitenant Colonel Kenneth Royall: 
    Roosevelt had no right to create a military tribunal to try his clients, citing Ex parte Milligan (1866), a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not establish military tribunals to try civilians in areas where civilian courts were functioning, even during wartime.  
    Prosecutor Francis Biddle rebutted his argument, citing the case of British Major John André, who was executed as a spy by the Continental Army for passing through American lines to meet with American officer Benedict Arnold during the American Revolutionary War. 
    Biddle responded that the U.S. and Germany were at war and cited the Alien Enemies Act of 1798
    whenever there is a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States by any foreign nation government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being of the age of fourteen years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies 
    Supreme Court unanimously denied Royall's appeal, writing: 
    "The military commission was lawfully constituted ... petitioners are held in lawful custody for trial before the military commission and have not shown cause for being discharged by writ of habeas corpus."
    Writ of habeas corpus 
    =  writ to decide if a state's detention of a prisoner is valid / demands prisoner be brought before court

    Ex parte Quirin - SC decision controversy
    Justice Robert H. Jackson - draft opinion, expressing his disagreement with portions of SC opinion 
    http://www.greenbag.org/v9n3/v9n3_articles_goldsmith.pdf
    *Controversy revived - legal implications during War on Terror.
    Venona Project (1943-1980)
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venona_project 
    Joint US + UK code-breaking project  - Venona (1943-1980)
    initiated by forerunner of National Security Agency (NSA),
    ie US Army Signal Intelligence Service
    FBI was heavily involved
    Broke Soviet diplomatic & intelligence communications codes, allowing US + UK  to read Soviet communications
    Australians collected Venona intercepts
    Walter Seddon Clayton (cryptonym 'KLOD') - Australian, suspected of being Soviet spy-master.
    Communist Party of Australia / underground network within CPA, operable even if party shut down
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Seddon_Clayton
    • Clayton mocked ASIO by going back into hiding shortly after his appearance at the Royal Commission.
    • ASIO retaliated against Clayton with Operation Pigeon.
    • Menzies cancelled Clayton & his wife's passports day before they were due to depart Australia.
    • Clayton kept under ASIO surveillance throughout 1950s and 1960s as part of Operation Pigeon.
    • Surveillance may have even extended into 1970s and 1980s.
    • ASIO reportedly recruited services of local fishermen in Port Stephens area to monitor his movements at sea / submarine rendezvous preventative  [>> LMAO]

    Hoover, administering Verona, did not inform CIA re Verona until 1952.
    Summaries sourced at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation and/or other, as linked.

    COMMENT

    Must have looked at some of this stuff before, at some point.  But I've got a shocking memory, so any time I look something up it's like a wonderful revelation all over again.

    Doing some basic summaries is supposed to help me retain what I've read, but I wouldn't bet on it.

    Even if I don't remember this, it was really fun checking it out today.

    Surprised that the FBI seem to be quite powerful among the US agencies.  Always thought they were just fancy police or something like that.

    It looks like methods of operation remain the same:  ie use crooks facing time to participate in entrapment activities (see Melvin Weinberg, Abscam), combined with pay-offs.

    Also sounds like a creepy organisation - eg  'sneak & peak', wiretapping, data access etc.

    Activities extend beyond US national boundaries, as there's an international avenue through embassies (embassy & consulate legal attachments).

    OTHER
    * Check out the USD$8.12 billion est. 2012 budget of FBI (alone) vs their targets:  eg WikiLeaks & others.
    * USD$14.7 billion  2013 requested funding CIA - source here and here.
    So that's probably something like USD$22.82 billion vs. WikiLeaks publisher & other targets, in two US agencies' resources alone, and much a greater figure than that in resources of various combined USG agencies.
    "An espionage empire
    The summary provides a detailed look at how the U.S. intelligence community has been reconfigu by the massive infusion of resources that followed the 2001 attacks. The United States has spent more than $500 billion on intelligence during that period, an outlay that U.S. officials say has succeeded in its main objective: preventing another catastrophic terrorist attack in the United States.

    The result is an espionage empire with resources and a reach beyond those of any adversary, sustained even now by spending that rivals or exceeds the levels at the height of the Cold War." [Washington Post]


    "We the people" should be feeling dwarfed and freaked out by the size of the secret state apparatus ... and the size and power of the state.

    [ Edited out some colour code ( #A83128 ) that had somehow got into my text.  Very strange.  Did a global change of colour in notepad because the red was too bright.  But I somehow wound up with code among text without realising.  Hence the 'strange code'.   LOL
    Noooooo!  My colour code wasn't a code, as such.  It was the word 'red', which I globally searched & replaced with a HTML colour code ... but the letters 'red' appear in a number of words in the text document.  And they've been replaced with a code.  A code I removed.  So, why am I still having to edit?  Because it's has taken the letter combination - 'red' - out of the entire document.  Sh*t.  Now I've got to proofread and I'm really sleepy.   :(  Updated as best I could when I can barely stay awake.  Sure to have missed something.  It's a work in progress.  LOL]