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MINISTRY OF TOKYO
US-ANGLO CAPITALISMEU-NATO IMPERIALISM
Illegitimate Transfer of Inalienable European Rights via Convention(s) & Supranational Bodies
Establishment of Sovereignty-Usurping Supranational Body Dictatorships
Enduring Program of DEMOGRAPHICS WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of PSYCHOLOGICAL WAR on Europeans
Enduring Program of European Displacement, Dismemberment, Dispossession, & Dissolution
No wars or conditions abroad (& no domestic or global economic pretexts) justify government policy facilitating the invasion of ancestral European homelands, the rape of European women, the destruction of European societies, & the genocide of Europeans.
U.S. RULING OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR TO SALVAGE HEGEMONY
[LINK | Article]

*U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR* | U.S. Empire's Casino Unsustainable | Destabilised U.S. Monetary & Financial System | U.S. Defaults Twice A Year | Causes for Global Financial Crisis of 2008 Remain | Financial Pyramids Composed of Derivatives & National Debt Are Growing | *U.S. OLIGARCHY WAGES HYBRID WAR*

Who's preaching world democracy, democracy, democracy? —Who wants to make free people free?
[info from Craig Murray video appearance, follows]  US-Anglo Alliance DELIBERATELY STOKING ANTI-RUSSIAN FEELING & RAMPING UP TENSION BETWEEN EASTERN EUROPE & RUSSIA.  British military/government feeding media PROPAGANDA.  Media choosing to PUBLISH government PROPAGANDA.  US naval aggression against Russia:  Baltic Sea — US naval aggression against China:  South China Sea.  Continued NATO pressure on Russia:  US missile systems moving into Eastern Europe.     [info from John Pilger interview follows]  War Hawk:  Hillary Clinton — embodiment of seamless aggressive American imperialist post-WWII system.  USA in frenzy of preparation for a conflict.  Greatest US-led build-up of forces since WWII gathered in Eastern Europe and in Baltic states.  US expansion & military preparation HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED IN THE WEST.  Since US paid for & controlled US coup, UKRAINE has become an American preserve and CIA Theme Park, on Russia's borderland, through which Germans invaded in the 1940s, costing 27 million Russian lives.  Imagine equivalent occurring on US borders in Canada or Mexico.  US military preparations against RUSSIA and against CHINA have NOT been reported by MEDIA.  US has sent guided missile ships to diputed zone in South China Sea.  DANGER OF US PRE-EMPTIVE NUCLEAR STRIKES.  China is on HIGH NUCLEAR ALERT.  US spy plane intercepted by Chinese fighter jets.  Public is primed to accept so-called 'aggressive' moves by China, when these are in fact defensive moves:  US 400 major bases encircling China; Okinawa has 32 American military installations; Japan has 130 American military bases in all.  WARNING PENTAGON MILITARY THINKING DOMINATES WASHINGTON. ⟴  
Showing posts with label Court Martial. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Court Martial. Show all posts

December 31, 2015

US Military Law

Info
/Reference
SOURCE
Wikipedia (various pages), mostly:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice




Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) (1950)

foundation of military law (USA)


1775 - 69 Articles of War
to govern conduct of Continental Army
established by Second Continental Congress

1788 - Article I, Section 8
granted US Congress power to
regulate land & naval forces

1806 -  101 Articles of War
*no significant revision for over century

Articles for Government of the Navy
(aka 'Rocks and Shoals')

Articles of War
evolved first half 1900s

1916 - amendment Articles of War
1920 - amendment Articles of War
1948 - substantial amendment Articles of War ##

Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)
signed into law by
President Harry S Truman 1950
effective 1951
consistent application to all armed services
in place of earlier:

Articles of War
Articles of Government
Disciplinary Laws (of individual services)

Following relevant laws
evolved in step with
federal civilian criminal justice system:

1. Rules of Court Martial
(military equivalent of 'Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure)

2. Military Rules of Evidence
(military equivalent of 'Federal Rules of Evidence')

UCMJ ahead of changes in civilian criminal justice system, in some ways:
eg.  rights-warning (Miranda warnings equivalent)

-- required in more contexts than civilian sector
-- applicable only to custodial interrogation
-- introduced 15 years before Supreme Court ruling re Miranda (1966)

eg.  provision of all accused with defence counsel at earlier stages than civilian:

1948 Articles of War guarantee:
qualified defence counsel to be provided to all accused irrespective of financial need-based factors

US Navy 1948-1951
  • military justice continued to operate under Articles of War for Government of Navy
  • 1951 - Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) effective

Court Martial
officer panel hearing
coveted from:  board of inquiry/review presiding over trial
converted to:  jury of military service members
conducted under:  UCMJ
review by:  convening authority (discretionary powers wide)
Appeals
intermediate court review applicable if:
death penalty
  • bad conduct discharge
  • dishonourable discharge
  • dismissal of officer
  • confinement 1-year-plus

Appeal courts - x4:
  1. Army Court of Criminal Appeals
  2. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals
  3. Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals
  4. Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals
Further Appeals:

Supreme Court of USA
*since 2007 - legislation expanding accessibility to Supreme Court

Parties Jurisdiction
  • court's jurisdiction over PARTIES to lawsuit
  • versus SUBJECT-MATTER jurisdiction (ie over law & facts)
  • rulings & decrees cannot be enforced without personal jurisdiction
(save for 'comity' / legal reciprocity - mutual legal recognition)
(eg. US Constitutional Law entitlements & immunities re citizens of several states)

UCMJ allows personal jurisdiction over all members
uniformed services of US:

  • Air Force
  • Army
  • Coast Guard
  • Marine Corps
  • Navy
  • NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps (scientific agency, earth measurement, satellite, navigation etc)
  • Public Health Service Commissioned Corps


Selective Service Act of 1948
(Elston Act) - military draft reg'n
ie. Military Selective Service Act (1948)
aka 'Elston Act'
  • major revision of Articles of War (US)
  • established implementation of 'Selective Service System' (SSS)

Selective Service System
'independent' agency of US government
registers/monitors all US citizens & immigrant non-citizen males - between 18 & 25 years
for military draft purposes

2010 - GAO report:

  • 92% registration - names & addresses
  • over 16.2 million men on file

    Forced Draft Registration

    US federal programs, benefits & student loans, jobs training, federal employment & naturalisation requires registration for US military draft

    source Wikipedia (various pages), mostly:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice



    Legislation
    http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ucmj.htm




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    COMMENT


    More interesting information, which I'll probably soon forget.

    Had no idea that Americans had to register for draft purposes.  Wow, a potential force of 16.2 million sounds impressive (but they're not combat ready or experienced).  

    Wonder what China and India have got.