Latest

#Iraq #Afghanistan #Pakistan 'War on Terror' - Body Count  - REPORT 101 page report, by Physicians for Social Responsibility PDF - Mar 2015, Interl Edition http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/body-count.pdf  COMPLIANT MEDIA - EVIDENCE James Clapper says:  untold damage Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper: #Snowden killed ‘important’ program in #Afghanistan / unnamed 'Intercept' country = Afghanistan http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=272816 ---------------------- ꕤ  ----------------------  UPDATE It was the WikiLeaks follow-up identification of Afghanistan as country being surveilled that led to surveillance program closure: In March 2014, The Washington Post, citing documents provided by Snowden, reported on a program called MYSTIC, under which the NSA was collecting “every single” phone conversation in a foreign country. The Post, following requests by U.S. officials, withheld the country’s name. Two months later, the Intercept news site published a similar story about the NSA’s “secretly intercepting, recording, and archiving the audio of virtually every cell phone conversation” in two nations. The site named the Bahamas as one country. It refrained from naming the other, citing concerns that doing so “could lead to increased violence.” Several days later, the anti-secrecy organization WikiLeaks reported that the country was Afghanistan. Soon after, “the program was shut down by the government of Afghanistan,” said Clapper, speaking at the Intelligence and National Security Summit in Washington. SOURCE https://archive.is/94N16 ---------------------- ꕤ  ---------------------- NO words for the suppression of truth by the corporate and 'alternate' corporate press: Washington Post The Intercept  It's anger provoking to see information denial, in black and white. WikiLeaks was the only publisher that gave the world:  the truth. #WikiLeaks #Snowden Hillary e-mails Rep. Mac Thornberry (R., Tex.) chair HAS Cttee /  "helped our primary adversaries" not a fan  /  funding increase ploy? http://freebeacon.com/national-security/house-armed-services-chief-intel-losses-including-clinton-emails-caused-serious-damage/ Why Murdoch Pushes for War ⟴ by Craig Murray  on September 7, 2015 1:33 pm EXTRACT Given the disgraceful Sun front page and middle spread urging war on Syria, and the all-out propaganda on Sky News, it is important to understand why Murdoch is pushing so hard for war. I therefore reproduce my article from February 2013. It is important to note that the links are to industry publications: this is very genuine, hard information.  Israel Grants Oil Rights in Syria to Murdoch and Rothschild Israel has granted oil exploration rights inside Syria, in the occupied Golan Heights, to Genie Energy. Major shareholders of Genie Energy – which also has interests in shale gas in the United States and shale oil in Israel – include Rupert Murdoch and Lord Jacob Rothschild.  [...] FULL AT SOURCE https://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2015/09/why-murdoch-pushes-for-war/ #Syria ex US intel analysis Concurs with Assange  / US War on Syria author/journalist, Wayne Madsen US plans to topple Syria’s Assad go back to 9/11 http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2015/09/10/428634/Syria-Assange-US-Assad-Wayne-Madsen-911 WikiLeaks BOOK  http://www.versobooks.com/books/1931-the-wikileaks-files #Syria #WikiLeaks #ASSANGE US is an Empire 'US planned to oust Assad long before 2011 uprising' http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/foreign/10-Sep-2015/us-planned-to-oust-assad-long-before-2011-uprising EXTRACTS - UK SECRET DRONE BOMBING SYRIA / AGAINST PARLIAMENTARY VETO NEW direction: criminal law treated as 'global law' Cardiff jihadist: Jones informed of Syria drone strike Written by: iFreePress Prime Minister David Cameron said the attorney general had agreed there was a “clear legal basis” for targeting Khan. Prime Minister David Cameron was challenged to shed light on specific threats that led to the killing of Islamic State (IS) militants Reyaad Khan and Ruhul Amin in the Syrian city of Raqqa, which he declared “an act of self-defence”. He said: “These were terrorists who’d been planning a series of attacks on the streets of our country, some involving public events, there are other terrorists making similar plans and we have to do what we can to keep our streets safe”. [ ...] Last week The Washington Post revealed that the Central Intelligence Agency and US Special Operations forces have launched a “secret drone campaign” in Syria as part of a “targeted killing program that is run separately from the broader U.S. military offensive against the Islamic State”. What we are talking about are enemy combatants who have chosen to take up arms against the armed forces of their own country and its allies. [ ... ] “There was no other way of preventing the kind of armed attack they were involved in planning”, Fallon said, during an interview with ITV, cited by the Guardian. They say they will target ISIL fighters. Ministers said the decision had been taken on advice from the attorney general, Britain’s chief legal advisor. Now, he said, the USA “warlike paradigm” had been adopted instead. And may they assist finish the struggle in Syria or make it worse? When it was suggested that drone operators had targeted and taken out British individuals in Syria without the endorsement of the Commons, he said: “Put it like that, then that is wrong”. Phillipe Sands QC, professor of law at University College London, however, told the BBC’s Today program that Cameron’s line of argument represented a “new direction” for the United Kingdom, which had previously treated cases like this as matters for criminal rather than global law. http://www.ifreepress.com/cardiff-jihadist-jones-informed-of-syria-drone-strike/ ---------------------- ꕤ ---------------------- COMMENT News that caught my eye. Assange Transnational Security Elite, Carving Up the World Using Your Tax Money London  OCT8 Antiwar Mass Assembly (2011) Link  |  here ꕤ

GIF - The Art of War: US War on Syria

THE ART OF WAR ---------------------- ꕤ ----------------------  US WAR ON SYRIA ---------------------- ꕤ ---------------------- ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. video What the Media is hiding Refugee Crisis | here the world's most wanted publisher  War on Syria julian assange underground  |  here Assange Transnational Security Elite, Carving Up the World Using Your Tax Money London  OCT8 Antiwar Mass Assembly (2011) Link  |  here ꕤ

TRANSCRIPT - VIDEO - Refugee Crisis: What The Media Is Hiding | Syrian Girl

TRANSCRIPT [for quotation purposes, confirm audio] SOURCE VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHFnvFbThDE&feature=youtu.be VIDEO TITLE Refugee Crisis: What The Media Is Hiding SYRIAN GIRL This is Syrian Girl. The media is painting the refugee crisis as an acute issue, but the Syrian war and the refugees have been there for four years, and Aylan wasn't the first child refugee to drown. Last month, an 11 year old Syrian girl drowned off the coast of Egypt. So, why is there such a media push now? Well, it's just in time for when France, Britain and Australia were asked to join the US's war on Syria. In fact, the US asked Australia to join its coalition a week before Aylan died. So they're using sympathy for this child's death to drop bombs on more children, while crying crocodile tears over them as they run from those bombs. Just look at this headline from: The Sun Bomb Syria | For Aylan ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. [aside] ⟴ Why Murdoch Pushes for War⟴ by Craig Murray  on September 7, 2015 1:33 pm EXTRACT Given the disgraceful Sun front page and middle spread urging war on Syria, and the all-out propaganda on Sky News, it is important to understand why Murdoch is pushing so hard for war. I therefore reproduce my article from February 2013. It is important to note that the links are to industry publications: this is very genuine, hard information.  Israel Grants Oil Rights in Syria to Murdoch and Rothschild Israel has granted oil exploration rights inside Syria, in the occupied Golan Heights, to Genie Energy. Major shareholders of Genie Energy – which also has interests in shale gas in the United States and shale oil in Israel – include Rupert Murdoch and Lord Jacob Rothschild.  FULL AT SOURCE https://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2015/09/why-murdoch-pushes-for-war/ note:  article is not referred to in video | it is addition to this post [transcript] You'd think they'd make themselves less obvious. This is the city that Aylan comes from. The area was bombed to smithereens by the US. Rupert Murdoch couldn't even wait for Aylan's body to go cold before he started exploiting it for more war in Syria. Turkey's also causing the refugee crisis to push for the creation of a buffer zone in Syria, as part of their continued attempt at regime change. So, before you wave "Refugees Welcome" while letting your government get away with murder there are a few things you need to know. 1:20 The whole Syrian war and refugees were caused in the first place because the US and NATO backed Islamist rebels in Syria in 2011. In spite of this, politicians and the mass media are blaming the Syrian president, Assad, for Europe's entire refugee crisis and using that to convince people that there needs to be a war in Syria. But how can Assad be blamed for the entire refugee crisis, when the majority of the refugees aren't even Syrian, but either: poor immigrant workers, or refugees from other wars, such as Iraq, Afghanistan, Somalia, and Libya. All the other places that have suffered US interventions in the recent years, yet the media labels them all Syrian, anyway, to convince Europeans that that this problem can be solved by intervention in Syria. They even go as far as to label Sub-Saharan Africans as Syrian because they believe their viewers are too ignorant to notice the difference. How racist do you have to be to confuse Asia with Africa. [cut to video footage] MALE NARRATOR Romania's coast guard rescued 70 migrants, mostly Syrians and Iraqis, packed onto a small fishing boat that was in danger of sinking, as they attempted to make the crossing to Europe in stormy seas on Saturday. SYRIAN GIRL The number of Syrian refugees is also being falsely conflated, because other immigrants and refugees are simply claiming to be Syrian and throwing their original passports away. Pakistani and Bangladeshi passports are being found discarded near border crossings. [CUT TO VIDEO FOOTAGE] MALE [... On our boat ... ] 29 persons FEMALE We're just four Syrian people -- MALE [interjects] We're just four Syrian people -- [cross-talk] MALE [interjects] -- 25 in Iraq.  [ie 25 from Iraq] ENGLISH SPEAKING WOMAN All the rest of them are Iraqi? FEMALES They said: I don't have a passport [cross-talk] I don't have anything to say who I am. So I am Syrian. Where's your passport? I don't have because the government in Germany allows everything for the Syrian people. You get a house, you get money, you get food. ENGLISH SPEAKING WOMAN So it pays to be a 'Syrian'? FEMALE "Yes." SYRIAN GIRL And some European politicians are exploiting the war in Syria, to push for an open border immigration policy. So, was it the Syrian government that caused these refugees, or was it these same politicians and their liberal interventions that are now crying over the refugees deaths? People like Angelina Jolie, ironically, the Ambassador of the UN Refugee program, caused these African refugees to drown off the coast of Libya, because she supported the Libyan rebels who ethnically cleansed them. It was also Amnesty International who claimed Gaddafi was using black immigrants as mercenaries, which resulted in their ethnic cleansing. Now, Amnesty International are raking in the donations over their deaths. It was these same liberal interventionists who, in 2011, supported al-Qaeda affiliated rebels in Syria, and they dare yell: "Shame, shame, shame!", for not letting in the Syrian refugees. How about shame on you, for ruining our beautiful country? The refugee crisis didn't start when Syrians tried to cross into Europe, but when Europeans tried to cross into Syria to join ISIS. Syrians are being pushed out their country while a multinational Islamic State moves in from all over the world. But the so-called 'coalition' on ISIS is a lie. The US and its allies actually have no intention of defeating ISIS. Instead of working with the Syrian army, the only force capable of fighting ISIS on the ground, they are preventing the Syrian army from doing their job. Only four years ago, Syria was a well off and prosperous country, that even accepted 2 million Iraqi refugees. Now, we've become the refugees. Syrian refugees want your help, yes. But to get back home to their own country. Almost half of Syria's population are refugees: 3 million outside of Syria; and 7 million of them are internally displaced, inside Syria. Shouting 'Refugees Welcome!," while well-meaning, is not enough. You're not going to be able to airlift 10 million Syrians into Europe. Displacing them further from their country is not ideal for anyone. The refugees want to come home. Hear them out for yourself. MALE [speaking Arabic] "My dream is for Syria to return to what it used to be. I will be one of the first people to return, because there is no place like Syria. FEMALE [Speaking English, with accent] Er, my name is Rena. I wish to come back to the lovely country when the war will end. MALE - MINOR [Speaking English, with accent] I like to - the war to be end. Just I can go to see my friends and my family in Syria. MALE [Speaking Arabic] This terrorism is done via eternal conspiracy with external financing. But we are alive, and we are returning, we are returning, we are returning! FEMALE #1 [Speaking English, with accent] What happening now, happening by, by -- by foreign hands. FEMALE #2 [Speaking English, with accent] [cross-talk] This is not freedom. This is not-- FEMALE #2 [Speaking English, with accent] The Syrian we are a good people, and we want to complete our life in Syria. [CUT TO] FEMALE #3 [Speaking Arabic] I miss everything. Everything. Our neighbourhood, our house, our family, our gatherings. [CUT TO] MALE - MINOR [Speaking English, with accent] You just stop the war. We don't want to go to Europe. SYRIAN GIRL To help them come home, you need to: pressure your government to stop the war in Syria, by: stopping the US's Saudi Arabian, Qatari and Turkish allies from funding and facilitating ISIS: by ending the political support for al-Quaeda linked rebels and by preventing your government from entering a war against Syria. end the sanctions on Syria. Aylan Kurdi's dad's infected teeth pushed him to try and get to Europe and fix them. Sanctions on Syria, prevented his family from sending the $14,000 required to fix them. If there were no sanctions on Syria, he would have got medical care at home, and Aylan would still be alive. Before the war, medical care in Syria was free. Sanctions prevent from rebuilding and fighting ISIS off itself. Rebuild Syria for refugees to return. Concentrate on donating to organisations that help refugees inside of Syria. This will decrease the pressure on refugee institutions inside of Syria, and help external refugees return, instead of getting on a creaky[?] boat and drowning on the way to Europe. Here are two such organisations: WafaRelief Fund; and http://wafarelief.org.uk/donate/ the Syrian Red Crescent; http://sarc.sy/ The Syrian government wants refugees to return and have put forward a plan to do so. They have asked for help in implementing that plan. Blaming the refugees themselves for the wars NATO creates is not the solution. Suddenly, so many people are disrespecting Syrians, but those people never noticed Syrians in their country when we were inventing the iphone, not to mention all of Western civilisation. There are forces that want to estrange people from their homeland dissolve national identities altogether. Obama and other criminals are trying to make Syrians a people without a nation. A people without a nation suffer the worst humiliation. Look at what happened to the Palestinian people. One day, it could happen to you. So, defending your nationality doesn't mean disrespecting the nationality of others. By demonising Syrian refugees, right-wing nationalist are handing liberal interventionists moral victory on a silver platter. People are sympathetic to that boy and his family and any group that demonises them, comes off as being sociopaths and alienate everyone. For example, this UKIP politician had to apologise for his statement, "The little Syrian boy was well-clothed and well-fed. He died because his parents were greedy for the good life in Europe." Syrians had the good life before the UK government interfered. GROUP OF YOUNG FEMALES & MATURE MALE FEMALE [Speaking English - with accent] Nothing. I don't have a home. FEMALE [English accent] And what happened to your business in Aleppo, does it exist anymore? FEMALE [Speaking English - with accent] No it's not exist anymore FEMALE [English accent] Everything gone? FEMALE [Speaking English - with accent] Mmmm ... MALE [Speaking Arabic] I used to produce these. Now you just give me this. [Holding, wash cloth or napkin?] [Group Laughter] FEMALE INTERVIEWER [Speaking Arabic] Um Gasem, what was your life like four years ago? FEMALE RESPONDS I can't ... once I start thinking about my life four years ago ... [Distressed] We had a safe life. [CUT TO RT NEWS FOOTAGE] NANCY KASEM SYRIAN REFUGEE Yes, in Syria I had my own car. It's like a car you can drive. Not -- it's really hard to drive in this car. We still don't have a good job to buying [sic] a good car, like in Syria. CUT TO FEMALE FEMALE [Speaking Arabic] We were comfortably off. I was a housewife and my husband had work, thanks to God. We moved to the village, because the villages were safe. And then the war came to the villages. Islamists came and kidnapped him for a month. They broke his jaw. CUT TO REFUGEE TENT SITE SCENE FEMALE [Speaking Arabic] Sometimes we reminisce together about our home. Yes, we talk about things like that. So that our children continue to love their homeland, so they don't forget. Particularly here, I have children with me. SYRIAN GIRL People ask me, why don't the Syrians stay in Turkey. Well, Syrians who are used to a high standard of living get tired of three years in a tent in Turkey, with no prospects of a future. Numbers are very high -- in the million -- and conditions are bad. Turkey won't improve these conditions, but want to continue sending terrorists to Syria. People are also asking, why aren't Syrians being helped by other Muslim countries? Well, Turkey and Jordan have taken 1 million each. What these people are really asking is, why aren't the rich, Gulf Arab astates accepting Syrian refugees. Because, in the worlds of this Kuwaiti politician -- [CUT TO MALE IN TRADITIONAL ARAB GARB, ON TV, GESTURING] -- we Syrians have a different culture and ethnicity to Arabs. They don't see Syrians as Arab, and they don't accept them as their kin. Since when have the Gulf lifted a finger to help the Palestinians, anyway? While it is true the people of the Levant have as little in common culturally with Arabs as they do with West Europe, this doesn't change the fact that it is the Gulf Arab states that caused the Syrian problem, by backing terrorists. They won't invest in helping Syrian refugees, because they are busy spending the money on ISIS and buying golden toilets. But, why doesn't Israel take any refugees. After all, it's in Syria's border and it's in the Levant, Syrian people's historical land. Israel has greyed out this image, as if it doesn't even warrant consideration. I guess, Israel is the only country in the world that's allowed to be racist. It's funny to hear Zionists talk about how Europe needs to accept Syrian refugees, when they won't even let Palestinian refugees return to their own homes and villages. I've also heard: Why Germany, not Greece? Well, I'll let this Syrian refugee tell you. CUT TO MALE - STREET SCENE [Speaking Arabic] I didn't stay in Greece because it doesn't offer any benefits or work. It can't help its own people let alone help us. SYRIAN GIRL The most honourable are the Syrians still in Syria fighting for their country. But how can one blame those that run, if they themselves aren't fighting with a gun in their hand. It's time to point that finger inward. Save your nation, and stop these governments from starting these wars. --- 13:24 end --- ---------------------- ꕤ ---------------------- Assange Transnational Security Elite, Carving Up the World Using Your Tax Money London  OCT8 Antiwar Mass Assembly (2011) Link  |  here ꕤ

Video - US war on Syria - Coalition Against ISIS A Lie - MUST SEE

TRANSCRIPT Refugee Crisis What the Media is Hiding  Syrian Girl | here VIDEO Refugee Crisis:  What The Media Is Hiding SOURCE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHFnvFbThDE&feature=youtu.be VIDEO ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. US War on ⟴Syria US, France, UK & Australia join coalition 1 week before  MSM & McCain exploit sympathy for dead child to wage US-allied War on Syria ⟴ RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. ⟴   ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. COALITION Against ISIS LIE ⟴ SAUDI ARABIA QATAR & TURKEY USA & ALLIES FUNDING & FACILITATING ISIS ⟴ RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. RIGHT ON CUE ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. ꕤ COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. RIGHT ON CUE WEAPONS OF WAR ⟴ SOURCE http://metro.co.uk/2015/09/09/angelina-jolie-tells-parliament-that-isis-uses-rape-as-centrepoint-of-their-terror-5382696/ Angelina Jolie tells Parliament that Isis uses rape as ‘centrepoint of their terror’  Richard Hartley-Parkinson for Metro.co.uk Wednesday 9 Sep 2015 7:54 am Angelina Jolie gave evidence to a House of Lords committee yesterday (Picture: Reuters) Angelina Jolie warned yesterday that Islamic State is using rape as a weapon of war as she calls for greater action against those responsible. She is a special envoy to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and made her comments in parliament. She said: ‘The most aggressive terrorist group in the world today …(is) using (rape) as a centrepoint of their terror and their way of destroying communities and families. ‘ Jolie says that Isis uses rape as a ‘policy’ while asking for a ‘very strong response’. Thousands of women and girls have been abducted, raped and sold into sexual slavery by Islamic State since the militant group declared a caliphate across swathes of Syria and Iraq last summer, according to the United Nations and rights groups. Oscar-winning Jolie, who joined forces with former British foreign secretary William Hague in 2012 to launch an initiative to prevent sexual violence in conflict, spoke about girls she had met in war zones who had been raped. This included a 13-year-old Iraqi girl whom she said was raped repeatedly along with her friends and sold for £26. As part of their campaign against sex crimes in war, Jolie and Hague in 2013 launched a declaration pledging to pursue those responsible and provide justice and safety for victims that has been signed by more than 150 nations. SOURCE http://metro.co.uk/2015/09/09/angelina-jolie-tells-parliament-that-isis-uses-rape-as-centrepoint-of-their-terror-5382696/ ---------------------- ꕤ  ---------------------- COMMENT If you want to help refugees, watch the above video and read the transcript below. ⟴ ꕤ WEAPONS OF WAR RIGHT ON CUE  WEAPONS OF DECEIT MANUFACTURE OF CONSENT EXPLOIT REFUGEES (emotive) EXPLOIT DEAD CHILD (emotive) EXPLOIT RAPE (emotive) Assange UK-US Special Relationship War On Syria The WikiLeaks Files Link | here ⟴ Explains a lot ... Assange Transnational Security Elite, Carving Up the World Using Your Tax Money London  OCT8 Antiwar Mass Assembly (2011) Link  |  here ꕤ

Israel - Bedouin Villages - Unrecognised

INCOMPLETE NOTES SOURCE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrecognized_Bedouin_villages_in_Israel Bedouin = Arab Bedouin (Arab) = abt 2% of the Israeli pop. = BUT:  unrecognised Bedouin communities = spread on a vast territory / occupy over 10% of Israel Unrecognised Bedouin Villages = built without official permission ineligible for municipal services (eg electrical grid, water mains or garbage collection) cannot elect govt representatives = scattered all over Northern Negev = often adjacent to military fire zones, natural reserves, landfills, etc 1800s, Ottoman Empire Negev = inhabited mostly by semi-nomadic Bedouin tribes 1858 Turks enacted a law: all landowners names must be officially documented = most land in Negev classified as muwat (dead land, wasteland unsuitable for cultivation) = Bedouin did not create a written record of their connection to the land = possibly opposed b/c then subject to Ottoman empire, taxes & military service 1896 = Negev Bedouin lived in almost complete freedom = Turks only marked tribal boundaries | Did not grant "ownership" of tribal territorial lands BRITISH MANDATE British govt = adopted Ottoman land laws = added the mawat land to Land Ordinance to prevent squatting / takeover 1921 British order registration of land by residents Any Bedouin who cultivated & improved mawat land would confirmation of ownership Bedouin never registered NOTE - Sale of Land Recognition by Bedouin (recorded land registry (Tabu)) Bedouin argue: "Turks & British recognized the rights of ownership of land in which they roamed, and this recognition was expressed when the Bedouin sold land to the Zionist movement during the British Mandate, and the sales were recognized and recorded in the land registry (Tabu)." Dr. Yosef Ben-David argues: Turks & British transferred land without intending to recognise rights of ownership: "without the authorities taking into consideration any legal rights the Bedouin had to the land recognized by either government" Other refusal argument: "Jews who dealt with redemption of lands" ie. Jews who bought land in Palestine gave ex gratia [voluntary] funds to the Bedouin for purposes of: rapid registration of Israel lands in the land registry not as legal recognition of ownership of the Bedouin BEDOUIN LAND SALES 1930s to 1948 (est. Israel) 765,000 dunams of land abt 180,000 dunams, sold to JNF representatives abt 45,000 dunams, sold to private Jews abt 545,000 dunams, sold to Arab peasants from the Gaza Strip (mainly) 1948 Arab–Israeli War aftermath: = Negev region becomes territory of newly created Israel Census before & after 1948 Arab-Israeli War = 80% of the Bedouin population left the Negev to areasunder Arab rule Attitudes = ambivalent *considered loyal to new state *some volunteered to serve in IDF *Negev seen as 'hinterland' Policy eventually = Siyagh (Arabic for "the permitted area") = requiring Bedouin to concentrate in an area of 1,100km sq. Post Arab-Israeli 1948 War = all Bedouin remaining under Israeli rule granted Israeli citizenship *But Siyagh region was placed under martial law until 1966 REJECTION OF BEDOUIN CLAIMS Israel relies on the Ottoman Land Code of 1858 / mawat { THUS STATE } 1934 British Mandatory Maps = Bedouin tribe locations shown, but tribe boundaries not marked 1946 British Census = 127,000 in whole of Palestine = 92,000 in Beersheba district 1947 report of the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine = est 90,000 Bedouin in Beersheba district Black Goat Law of 1950 prohibiting grazing of goats outside recognized land holding grazing was thereby rendered illegal = the only preceding law frame in the region BEDOUIN SETTLEMENTS Negev Bedouin = only group of Arab citizens of Israel with remaining large-scale hold on land = state officially denies recognition in principle, while recognizing in practice *Illegal Bedouin expansion continues rapidly in all directions occupies spaces that Israel did not know before Be'er Sheva north and east to Be'er Sheva started to settle west of Be'er Sheva {close to Mount Hebron} Dimona | Judean Desert communities spread south to Dimona and towards the Judean Desert Retamim | Revivim large spaces near Retamim and Revivim gettng close to the Gaza Strip Negev 2007 60% in x7 permanent state-planned townships / balance, illegal Central Negev central Negev near Mitzpe Ramon close to the central area Galilee 2011 NORTH - Galilee most formerly illegal villages = regulated & recognized = population of 90,000 Bedouin in the NORTH = few hundred still live in unrecognised villages SOUTH - Galilee = 90,000 residents / unrecognised Bedouin villages = 45% of total Bedouin population Rehovot | Rishon LeZion 2010 66 illegal Bedouin settlements --- 2004 = Approx half of 170,000 Bedouin citizens of Israel (ie 85,000) - reside in 39 villages 2008 = 50,000 illegal buildings in the Negev *abt 1,500 to 2,000 more built every year 2010 = 2,100 separate concentrations in Negev *abt 3–400 constructions each 2011 = Approx 1000 illegal Bedouin concentrations over 64,000 homes *abt 2200-2000 new buildings adding every year 2013 Approx 92 unrecognised villages x59 = Negev rural Bedouin communities not legally recognised / illegal unknown numbers of villages (b/c diff. bodies use diff. definitions re 'village') increase in recognition last decade slow recognition process {some communities} Negev Bedouin claim area 12 times bigger than that of Tel Aviv [Israel Land Administration] --- RECOGNISED TOWNSHIPS (formerly illegal) 1994-2007 = 21 recognised INCOMPLETE NOTES SOURCE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrecognized_Bedouin_villages_in_Israel ---------------------- ꕤ ---------------------- ꕤ

Video

Fade Into You Mazzy Star https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfzsBA5dZdE ---------------------- ꕤ ---------------------- Sometimes Always The Jesus & Mary Chain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hn4R1kKbaKQ ꕤ