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History
Year 1775
American Revolution 1765-1783
1775
Jan 11th - Francis Salvador (with colonial rebel militia, opposed to British Crown)
- first Jew elected to office in America (SC)
South Carolina
Francis Salvador
1747 - 1776
Sephardic Jewish-English plantation owner
colony of South Carolina
uncle only Jewish director
of British East India Company
raised in wealth / large inheritance
active with uncle (British East India Co)
& with the wealthy DaCosta family of London
re plans to settle poor Jews in the 'New World'
Salvador joined independence cause in 1776
first Jew killed in the American Revolutionary War
militia vs. Loyalists (+ their Cherokee allies)
1774 - Salvador
settled at Coroneka (aka Cornacre)
worked land with purchased African slaves
- first Jew elected as delegate South Carolina Provincial Congress
he (and friend) elected as reps from: Ninety-Six District to the Provincial Congress
(Jews could not legally hold office nor vote, but no colonists objected re appointment)
joined by Andrew Williamson, then a major in the militia
Salvador was chosen re important tasks:
- drawing declaration
- obtaining ammunition
- assessing safety of frontier
- working on new state constitution
- framed bill of rights etc
1733, London Sephardic community sends 42 Jews to present-day Georgia
/ families flee north to Charleston (South Carolina), fearing Spanish Inquisition in Georgia
Charleston preferred 1730s London Sephardic Jew immigration destination
-- later joined by Jews from Germany, Netherlands & West Indies
Ninety Six, South Carolina (town)
aka 'Jews Land'
Salvador and DaCosta families bought 200,000 acres (810 km2)
- intended re settlement of poor Sephardic Jewish families
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Major General Nathanael Greene
+ 1,000 American Patriot troops (the REBELS)
besieged 550 American Loyalists (loyal to Crown) - defending Ninety Six
American Loyalists survived siege
relocated (after war)
to Rawdon, Nova Scotia, Canada
with support from Crown for resettlement
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1776 British induced Indian allies
to attack South Carolina frontier
to create diversion
for British ops on sea-coast
Indians attack frontier families in Ninety Six District
- Salvador rode to plantation of Maj. Andrew Williamson to raise alarm
- Salvador took part in engagements that followed
Maj. Williamson captures two Loyalists (loyal to Crown)
- captives lead Williamson's 330 men militia into ambush
- ambushed by Tories & their Cherokee allies
Salvador shot & fell into bushes
later discovered & scalped by Cherokee
died from wounds, age: 29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninety_Six,_South_Carolina
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Feb 9th - British Parliament
- Massachusetts colony declared in rebellion
Mar 22nd - Edmund Burke presents
- 13 articles to the Westminster Parliament
Mar 23rd - Patrick Henry proclaims
First American Propaganda
- "Give me liberty or give me death"
in speech in favour of Virginian troops
joining American Revolutionary War
Patrick Henry
Founding Father
American lawyer, planter, politician
movement for independence of Virginia 1770s
Led opposition to: Stamp Act 1765 (UK)
imposing direct tax on colonies of British America
requiring most printed materials in colonies
to be produced on stamped paper, produced London
(with embossed revenue stamp)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765
purpose: to help pay for troops in North America
after British victory in:
Seven Years' War (1755-1764)
involved great powers (# Great powers must have been France, Britain, Prussia, Australia & Russia)
affected Europe, North America, Central America, West Africa, India, Philippines
Europe: 1812 - x4 Great Powers:
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain, the four powers that were chiefly instrumental in the overthrow of Napoleon [britannica]
(greatest European war since Thirty Years war of 1600s)
A. Seven Years' War
fought between two coalition factions:
1. Great Britain
2. France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years'_War
B. French & Indian War (1754–1763) - ie. part of Seven Years' War
Fought between colonies of:
British America (2-million settler pop.)
New France (60,000 settler pop.)
each supported by parent countries
French outnumbered, relied on: Indians
-- escalation from regional Indian conflict to intercontinental Indian conflict
-- on 'metropole' nations (presumably indigenous peoples) declaration of war in 1756
Indians fought on BOTH sides of the conflict
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War |
Apr 11th - last execution for witchcraft in Germany
Apr 14th - first abolitionist (end slavery) society established
Apr 18th - Paul Revere & William Dawes ride from Charleston to Lexington warning:
Paul Revere
father, French Huguenot
mother, Deborah Hitchborn (family owned shipping warf)
prominent American silversmith (Boston)
engraver, early industrialist
iron casting, bronze bell & cannon casting
forging of copper bolts & spikes
1800 Revere
first American to successfully roll copper into sheets for use as sheathing on naval vessels
Patriot in the American Revolution
known for alerting the Colonial militia
re approach of British forces before battles of:
1775 - Lexington & Concord
- first military engagements
- in present-day Arlington and Cambridge, near Boston
- marked outbreak of open armed conflict b/w:
- Great Britain ('redcoats')
- & 13 of its colonies ('British America')
Regent: King George III
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere |
May 10th
- 2nd Continental Congress convenes Philadelphia
- Pennsylvania issues first paper currency
May 10th - 2nd Continental Congress in Philadelphia
- George Washington, named supreme commander
May 17th - American Revolutionary War
- Continental Congress bans trade with Canada
May 20th - Citizens of Mecklenburg County, NC
- declare independence from Britain
May 24th - John Hancock unanimously elected
- President of the Continental Congress
John Hancock
American merchant, smuggler, statesman
prominent Patriot of the American Revolution
uncle - one of Boston's richest & best-known residents
business:
import of manufactured goods from Britain
Exported of: rum, whale oil, & fish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock |
Jun 12th - First naval battle of Revolution-Unity (American)
- colonial rebels capture Margaretta (Br)
Jun 14th - US Army founded
Jun 15th - George Washington
- appointed commander-in-chief of American Army
Jun 22nd - first Continental currency issued ($3-million)
Jul 3rd - Washington takes command of Continental Army at Cambridge, Mass
Jul 5th - US Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition
letter to King George III from Second Continental Congress
attempt to avoid war of independence
Jul 6th - Congress issues "Declaration of the Causes & Necessity of Taking up Arms," listing grievances but denying intent of claiming independence
Jul 10th - Horatio Gates issues order excluding blacks from Continental Army
Horatio Gates
(British soldier, served as revolutionary general) |
Jul 22nd - George Washington takes command of the Continental Army
First American Propaganda
Jul 25th - Maryland issues currency depicting George III trampling Magna Carta
Aug 22nd - King George III proclaims colonies to be in open rebellion
Sep 13th - Gotthold Lessing's "Die Juden," premieres in Frankfurt-am-Main
Die Juden [“The Jews”]
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
German author, dramatist & critic
praised unappreciated nobility of mind (Jews still confined to ghetto)
last work:
Die Erziehung des Menschengeschlechts (1780)
'The Education of the Human Race'
belief in the perfectibility of the human species
otherwise:
saw a developing moral awareness
believed human species would eventually attain the peak of 'universal brotherhood' and 'moral freedom' that would transcend all dogmas and doctrines
http://www.britannica.com/biography/Gotthold-Ephraim-Lessing |
Oct 12th - US Navy forms
Oct 13th - construction of a naval fleet, ordered by Continental Congress
Oct 16th - Portland, Maine burned by British
Oct 27th - US Navy forms as the Continental Navy
Nov 7th - Lord Dunmore promises freedom to male slaves who join British army
Nov 10th - Congress forms US Marine Corps
Nov 12th - General Washington forbids recruiting officers enlisting blacks
Nov 28th - 2nd Continental Congress formally establishes US Navy
Dec 22nd - Continental navy organized with 7 ships
Dec 31st - Battle of Quebec - Americans defeated trying to take British stronghold
http://www.onthisday.com/events/date/1775 |
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COMMENT
Above is just a sketch of what was happening in 1775, as I wanted an idea of what was happening when the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) was drawn up. Much of it is from 'This Day in History' & hasn't been cross-checked, but it would do for basics.
I haven't done anything more than skim the basics (no deeper follow-up on attached pages etc).
This might have to do. I'm getting bored.
Wonder what part bankers played in the American Revolution? As in, you can't have a revolt on this scale unless you're bankrolled and supplied with weapons etc. Who supplied the colonial rebels, I'm wondering?
The imposition of Stamp Act taxes was just a pretext to seize the colonies, I'm thinking. As in, the British went to a great deal of expense to secure the colonies (by the sound of things) and are therefore entitled to tax the beneficiaries of that investment (I would think). That's my initial feeling. But I've not read enough to know.
Just looked up Francis Salvador. What a horrific way to die.
-------> Keeping the colonial troops straight isn't easy:
American Patriot troops (ie the rebels / colonists of 13 British-American Colonies opposed to British control)
American Loyalists (ie the American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown)
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***Something's causing double-spacing in the published document, which is driving me nuts. Don't know where the problem code is.
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EU-NATO IMPERIALISM ❌ 
